eXo Platform 3.5

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## Chapter 3. Portal Development

## Skinning the portal

### Overview

GateIn 3.2 provides robust skinning support for the entire portal User Interface (UI). This includes support for skinning all of the common portal elements and being able to provide custom skins and window decoration for individual portlets. It is designed to common graphic resource reuse and ease of development .

### Skin Components

The complete skinning of a page can be decomposed into three main parts:

Portal Skin

  The portal skin contains the CSS styles for the portal and its various UI components. This should include all the UI components, except for the window decorators and portlet specific styles.

Window Styles

  The CSS styles are associated with the porlet window decorators. The window decorators contain the control buttons and boarders surrounding each portlet. Individual portlets can have their own window decorator selected, or be rendered without one.

Portlet Skins

  The portlet skins affects how portlets are rendered on the page via one of the following ways:

  Portlet Specification CSS Classes

    The portlet specification defines a set of CSS classes that should be available to portlets. GateIn 3.2 provides these classes as part of the portal skin. This allows each portal skin to define its own look and feel for these default values.

  Portlet Skins

    GateIn 3.2 provides a means for portlet CSS files to be loaded, basing on the current portal skin. This allows a portlet to provide different CSS styles to better match the look and feel of the current portal. Portlet skins provide a much more customizable CSS experience than just using the portlet specification CSS classes.

### Note

The window decorators and the default portlet specification CSS classes should be considered as separate types of skinning components, but they need to be included as part of the overall portal skin. The portal skin must include these component´s CSS classes or they will not be displayed correctly.

A portlet skin does not need to be included as part of the portal skin and can be included within the portlets web application.

### Skin Selection

#### Skin Selection Through the User Interface

There are a few means for you to select the display skin. The easiest way to change the skin is to select it through the user interface. Admininistrators can change the default skin for the portal, and users logged in can select their desired display skins.

Please see the User Guide for information on how to change the skin using the user interface.

#### Setting the Default Skin within the Configuration Files

The default skin can also be configured through the portal configuration files if you do not want to use the admin user interface. This will allow the portal to have the new default skin ready when GateIn 3.2 is initially started.

The default skin of the portal is called `Default`. To change this value, add a `skin` tag in the `02portal.war/WEB-INF/conf/portal/portal/classic/portal.xml` configuration file.

To change the skin to `MySkin,` you would make the following changes:

    <portal-config>

                    <portal-name>classic</portal-name>

                    <locale>en</locale>

                    <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>

                    <edit-permission>*:/platform/administrators</edit-permission>

                    <skin>MySkin</skin>

                    ...

### Skins in Page Markups

The GateIn 3.2 skin contains CSS styles for the portal's components but also shares components that may be reused in portlets. When GateIn 3.2 generates a portal page markup, it inserts the stylesheet links in the page's `head` tag.

There are two main types of CSS links that will appear in the `head` tag: a link to the portal skin CSS file and a link to the portlet skin CSS files.

Portal Skin

  The portal skin will appear as a single link to a CSS file. This link contains contents from all the portal skin classes merged into one file. This allows the portal skin to be transfered more quickly as a single file instead of many multiple smaller files. All pages of the portal have the same skin defined in the CSS file.

Portlet Skin

  Each portlet on a page may contribute its own style. The link to the portlet skin will only appear on the page if that portlet is loaded on the current page. A page may contain many portlet skin CSS links or none.

In the code fragment below, you can see two types of links:

    <head>

    ...

    <!-- The portal skin -->

    <link id="CoreSkin" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/eXoResources/skin/Stylesheet.css" />

    <!-- The portlet skins -->

    <link id="web_FooterPortlet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href= "/web/skin/portal/webui/component/UIFooterPortlet/DefaultStylesheet.css" />

    <link id="web_NavigationPortlet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href= "/web/skin/portal/webui/component/UINavigationPortlet/DefaultStylesheet.css" />

    <link id="web_HomePagePortlet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href= "/portal/templates/skin/webui/component/UIHomePagePortlet/DefaultStylesheet.css" />

    <link id="web_BannerPortlet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href= "/web/skin/portal/webui/component/UIBannerPortlet/DefaultStylesheet.css" />

    ...

    </head>

### Note

Both window styles and portlet specification CSS classes are included in the portal skin.

### The Skin Service

The skin service of GateIn 3.2 manages various types of skins. This service is reponsible for discovering and deploying the skins into the portal.

#### Skin configuration

GateIn 3.2 automatically discovers web archives that contain a file descriptor for skins (`WEB-INF/gatein-resources.xml`). This file is reponsible for specifying the portal, portlet and window decorators to be deployed into the skin service.

The full schema can be found in the lib directory:

`exo.portal.component.portal.jar/gatein_resources_1_0.xsd`

Here is an example where a skin (MySkin) with its CSS location is defined, and a few window decorator skins are specified:

    <gatein-resources>

      <portal-skin>

        <skin-name>MySkin</skin-name>

        <css-path>/skin/myskin.css</css-path>

        <overwrite>false</overwrite>

      </portal-skin>

    </gatein-resources>

      <!-- window style -->

      <window-style>

        <style-name>MyThemeCategory</style-name>

        <style-theme>

          <theme-name>MyThemeBlue</theme-name>

        </style-theme>

        <style-theme>

          <theme-name>MyThemeRed</theme-name>

        </style-theme>

        ...

#### Resource Request Filter

Because of the Right-To-Left support, all CSS files need to be retrieved through a Servlet filter and the web application needs to be configured to activate this filter. This is already done for the 01eXoResources.war web application which contains the default skin.

Any new web applications containing skinning CSS files will need to have the following added to their `web.xml` :

    <filter>

          <filter-name>ResourceRequestFilter</filter-name>

          <filter-class>org.exoplatform.portal.application.ResourceRequestFilter</filter-class>

          </filter>

          <filter-mapping>

          <filter-name>ResourceRequestFilter</filter-name>

          <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>

          </filter-mapping>

### Note

The `display-name` element also needs to be specified in the `web.xml` for the skinning service to work properly with the web application.

### The Default Skin

The default skin for GateIn 3.2 is located as part of the `01eXoResource.war`. The main files associated with the skin are shown below:

    WEB-INF/gatein-resources.xml
    WEB-INF/web.xml
    skin/Stylesheet.css

| gatein-resources.xml: defines the skin setup to use.
| web.xml: contains the resource filter and has the display-name set.
| Stylesheet.css: contains the CSS class definitions for this skin.

gatein-resources.xml

  For the default portal skin, this file contains definitions for the portal skin, the window decorations that this skin provides and defines some Javascript resources which are not related to the skin. The default portal skin does not directly define portlet skins which should be provided by the portlets themeselves.

web.xml

  For the default portal skin, the web.xml of eXoResources.war contains a lot of information which is mostly irrelevant to the portal skinning. The areas of interest in this file is the resourcerequestfilter and the fact that the display-name is set.

Stylesheet.css

  This file contains the main stylesheet of the portal skin. The file is the main entry point to the CSS class definitions for the skin. The content of this file is shown below:

      @import url(DefaultSkin/portal/webui/component/UIPortalApplicationSkin.css);

      @import url(DefaultSkin/webui/component/Stylesheet.css);

      @import url(PortletThemes/Stylesheet.css);

      @import url(Portlet/Stylesheet.css);

  | Skin for the main portal page.
  | Skins for various portal components.
  | Window decoration skins.
  | The portlet specificiation CSS classes.

  Instead of defining all the CSS classes in this file, you can import other CSS stylesheet files, some of which may also import other CSS stylesheets. The CSS classes are split up between multiple files to make it easier for new skins to reuse parts of the default skin.

  To reuse the CSS stylesheet from the default portal skin, you need to refer to the default skin from eXoResources. For example, to include the window decorators from the default skin within a new portal skin, you need to use this import:

      @import url(/eXoResources/skin/Portlet/Stylesheet.css);

  ### Note

  When the portal skin is added to the page, it merges all the CSS stylesheets into a single file.

### Creating New Skins

#### Creating a New Portal Skin

A new portal needs to be added to the portal through the skin service. The web application which contains the skin will need to be properly configured for the skin service to discover them. This means that ResourceRequestFilter and gatein-resources.xml should be configured properly.

##### Portal Skin Configuration

The gatein-resources.xml needs to specify the new portal skin. This includes specifying the name of the new skin, where to locate its CSS stylesheet file and whether to overwrite an existing portal theme with the same name.

    <gatein-resources>

      <portal-skin>

        <skin-name>MySkin</skin-name>

        <css-path>/skin/myskin.css</css-path>

        <overwrite>false</overwrite>

      </portal-skin>

    </gatein-resources>

The default portal skin and window styles are defined in `01eXoResources.war/WEB-INF/gatein-resources.xml`.

### Note

The CSS for the portal skin needs to contain the CSS for all the window decorators and the portlet specification CSS classes.

##### Portal Skin Preview Icon

When selecting a skin, it is possible to preview it. The current skin needs to know about the skin icons for all the available skins; otherwise, it will not be able to show the previews. When creating a new portal, it is recommended to include the preview icons of the other skins and to update the other skins with your new portal skin preview.

The portal skin preview icon is specified through the CSS of the portal skin. To display the preview for the current portal skin, you must specify a specific CSS class and set the icon as the background.

For the portal named MySkin, the CSS class must be defined as follows:

    .UIChangeSkinForm .UIItemSelector .TemplateContainer .

In order for the default skin to know about the skin icon for a new portal skin, the preview screenshot needs to be placed in:

`01eXoResources.war:/skin/DefaultSkin/portal/webui/component/customization/UIChangeSkinForm/background`

The CSS stylesheet for the default portal needs to have the following updated with the preview icon CSS class. For a skin named MySkin, you need to update the following:

`01eXoResources.war:/skin/DefaultSkin/portal/webui/component/customization/UIChangeSkinForm/Stylesheet.css`

    .UIChangeSkinForm .UIItemSelector .TemplateContainer .
     {

      margin: auto;

      width: 329px; height:204px;

      background: url('background/MySkin.jpg') no-repeat top;

      cursor: pointer ;

    }

#### Creating a New Window Style

Window styles are the CSS applied to the window decoration. When the administrator selects a new application to add to a page, he can decide which style of decoration would go around the window if any.

##### Window Style Configuration

Window Styles are defined within the gatein-resources.xml file which is used by the skin service to deploy the window style into the portal. Window styles can belong in with a window style category, this category and the window styles need to be specified in the resources file.

The following gatein-resource.xml fragment adds MyThemeBlue and MyThemeRed to the MyTheme category.

    <window-style>

      <style-name>MyTheme</style-name>

      <style-theme>

        <theme-name>MyThemeBlue</theme-name>

      </style-theme>

      <style-theme>

        <theme-name>MyThemeRed</theme-name>

      </style-theme>

    </window-style>

The windows style configuration for the default skin is configured in:

`01eXoResources.war/WEB-INF/gatein-resources.xml`

### Note

When a window style is defined in the gatein-resources.xml file, it will be available to all portlets whether the current portal skin supports the window decorator or not. When a new window decorator is added, it is recommended that you add it to all portal skins or that portal skins share a common stylesheet for window decorators.

##### Window Style CSS

To display the window decorators for the skin service, it must have the CSS classes with specific naming related to the window style name. The service will try and display the CSS based on this naming. The CSS class must be included as part of the current portal skin for displaying the window decorators.

The location of the window decorator CSS classes for the default portal theme is located at:

`01eXoResources.war/skin/PortletThemes/Stylesheet.css`

Create the CSS file:

    /*---- MyTheme ----*/

    .MyTheme .WindowBarCenter .WindowPortletInfo {

      margin-right: 80px; /* orientation=lt */

      margin-left: 80px; /* orientation=rt */

    }

    .MyTheme .WindowBarCenter .ControlIcon {

      float: right;/* orientation=lt */

      float: left;/* orientation=rt */

      width: 24px;

      height: 17px;

      cursor: pointer;

      background-image: url('background/MyTheme.png');

    }

    .MyTheme .ArrowDownIcon {

      background-position: center 20px;

    }

    .MyTheme .OverArrowDownIcon {

      background-position: center 116px;

    }

    .MyTheme .MinimizedIcon {

      background-position: center 44px;

    }

    .MyTheme .OverMinimizedIcon {

      background-position: center 140px;

    }

    .MyTheme .MaximizedIcon {

      background-position: center 68px;

    }

    .MyTheme .OverMaximizedIcon {

      background-position: center 164px;

    }

    .MyTheme .RestoreIcon {

      background-position: center 92px;

    }

    .MyTheme .OverRestoreIcon {

      background-position: center 188px;

    }

    .MyTheme .NormalIcon {

      background-position: center 92px;

    }

    .MyTheme .OverNormalIcon {

      background-position: center 188px;

    }

    .UIPageDesktop .MyTheme .ResizeArea {

      float: right;/* orientation=lt */

      float: left;/* orientation=rt */

      width: 18px; height: 18px;

      cursor: nw-resize;

      background: url('background/ResizeArea18x18.gif') no-repeat left top; /* orientation=lt */

      background: url('background/ResizeArea18x18-rt.gif') no-repeat right top; /* orientation=rt */

    }

    .MyTheme .Information {

      height: 18px; line-height: 18px;

      vertical-align: middle; font-size: 10px;

      padding-left: 5px;/* orientation=lt */

      padding-right: 5px;/* orientation=rt */

      margin-right: 18px;/* orientation=lt */

      margin-left: 18px;/* orientation=rt */

    }

    .MyTheme .WindowBarCenter .WindowPortletIcon {

      background-position: left top; /* orientation=lt */

      background-position: right top; /* orientation=rt */

      padding-left: 20px; /* orientation=lt */

      padding-right: 20px; /* orientation=rt */

      height: 16px;

      line-height: 16px;

    }

    .MyTheme .WindowBarCenter .PortletName {

      font-weight: bold;

      color: #333333;

      overflow: hidden;

      white-space: nowrap;

      width: 100%;

    }

    .MyTheme .WindowBarLeft {

      padding-left: 12px;

      background-image: url('background/MyTheme.png');

      background-repeat: no-repeat;

      background-position: left -148px;

    }

    .MyTheme .WindowBarRight {

      padding-right: 11px;

      background-image: url('background/MyTheme.png');

      background-repeat: no-repeat;

      background-position: right -119px;

    }

    .MyTheme .WindowBarCenter {

      background-image: url('background/MyTheme.png');

      background-repeat: repeat-x;

      background-position: left -90px;

    }

    .MyTheme .WindowBarCenter .FixHeight {

      height: 21px;

      padding-top: 8px;

    }

    .MyTheme .MiddleDecoratorLeft {

      padding-left: 12px;

      background: url('background/MyTheme.png') repeat-y left;

    }

    .MyTheme .MiddleDecoratorRight {

      padding-right: 11px;

      background: url('background/MyTheme.png') repeat-y right;

    }

    .MyTheme .MiddleDecoratorCenter {

      background: #ffffff;

    }

    .MyTheme .BottomDecoratorLeft {

      MyTheme: 12px;

      background-image: url('background/MyTheme.png');

      background-repeat: no-repeat;

      background-position: left -60px;

    }

    .MyTheme .BottomDecoratorRight {

      padding-right: 11px;

      background-image: url('background/MyTheme.png');

      background-repeat: no-repeat;

      background-position: right -30px;

    }

    .MyTheme .BottomDecoratorCenter {

      background-image: url('background/MyTheme.png');

      background-repeat: repeat-x;

      background-position: left top;

    }

    .MyTheme .BottomDecoratorCenter .FixHeight {

      height: 30px;

    }

##### How to Set the Default Window Style

To set the default window style to be used for a portal, you need to specify the CSS classes for a theme called `DefaultTheme`.

### Note

You do not need to specify the DefaultTheme in gatein-resources.xml.

#### How to Create New Portlet skins

Portlets often require additional styles that may not be defined by the portal skin. GateIn 3.2 allows you to define additional stylesheets for each portlet and will append the corresponding `link` tags to the `head`.

The link ID will be of the form `{portletAppName}{PortletName}`. For example: `ContentPortlet` in `content.war` will give `id="content`ContentPortlet".``

To define a new CSS file to include whenever a portlet is available on a portal page, the following fragment needs to be added to gatein-resources.xml.

    <portlet-skin>

      <application-name>portletAppName</application-name>

      <portlet-name>PortletName</portlet-name>

      <skin-name>Default</skin-name>

      <css-path>/skin/DefaultStylesheet.css</css-path>

    </portlet-skin>

    <portlet-skin>

      <application-name>portletAppName</application-name>

      <portlet-name>PortletName</portlet-name>

      <skin-name>OtherSkin</skin-name>

      <css-path>/skin/OtherSkinStylesheet.css</css-path>

    </portlet-skin>

This will load the DefaultStylesheet.css or OtherSkinStylesheet.css when the Default skin or OtherSkin is used respectively.

### Note

If the current portal skin is not defined as part of the supported skins, the portlet CSS class will not be loaded. It is recommended that you update portlet skins whenever a new portal skin is created.

##### Change portlet icons

Each portlet can be represented by a unique icon that you can see in the portlet registry or page editor. This icon can be changed by adding an image to the directory of the portlet webapplication:

- `skin/DefaultSkin/portletIcons/`icon_name.png``.

To use the icon correctly, it must be named after the portlet.

For example, the icon for an account portlet named AccountPortlet would be located at:

- `skin/DefaultSkin/portletIcons/AccountPortlet.png`

### Note

You must use `skin/DefaultSkin/portletIcons/` for the directory to store the portlet icon regardless of what skin is going to be used.

#### How to create a new Portlet Specification CSS Classes

The portlet specification defines a set of default CSS classes that should be available for portlets. These classes are included as part of the portal skin. Please see the portlet specification for a list of the default classes that should be available.

For the default portal skin, the portlet specification CSS classes are defined in:

`eXoResources.war/skin/Portlet/Stylesheet.css`

### Tips and Tricks

#### Easier CSS debugging

By default, CSS files are cached and their imports are merged into a single CSS file at the server side. This reduces the number of HTTP requests from the browser to the server.

The optimization code is quite simple as all the CSS files are parsed at the server startup time and all the @import and url(...) references are rewritten to support a single flat file. The result is stored in a cache directly used from the `ResourceRequestFilter`.

Although the optimization is useful for production environments, it may be easier to deactivate this optimization while debugging stylesheets. To do so, set the java system property `exo.product.developing` to `true`.

For example, the property can be passed as a JVM parameter with the `-D` option when running GateIn.

    sh $JBOSS_HOME/bin/run.sh -Dexo.product.developing=true

1. Warning: This option may cause display bugs with certain browsers, such as Internet Explorer.

#### Some CSS techniques

It is recommended that you have some experiences with CSS before studying GateIn 3.2 CSS.

GateIn 3.2 relies heavily on CSS to create the layout and effects for the UI. Some common techniques for customizing GateIn 3.2 CSS are explained below.

##### Decorator pattern

The decorator is a pattern to create a contour or a curve around an area. To achieve this effect, you need to create 9 cells. The BODY is the central area for you to decorate. The other 8 cells are distributed around the BODY cell. You can use the width, height and background image properties to achieve any desired decoration effects.

    <div class="Parent">

      <div class="TopLeft">

        <div class="TopRight">

          <div class="TopCenter"><span></span></div>

        </div>

      </div>

      <div class="CenterLeft">

        <div class="CenterRight">

          <div class="CenterCenter">BODY</div>

        </div>

      </div>

      <div class="BottomLeft">

        <div class="BottomRight">

          <div class="BottomCenter"><span></span></div>

        </div>

      <div>

    </div>

##### Left margin left pattern

Left margin left pattern is a technique to create 2 blocks side by side. The left block has a fixed size and the right block will take the rest of the available space. When the user resizes the browser, the added or removed space will be taken from the right block.

    <div class="Parent">

      <div style="float: left; width: 100px">

      </div>

      <div style="margin-left: 105px;">

      <div>

      <div style="clear: left"><span></span></div>

    </div>

## Portal Lifecycle

### Overview

This chapter describes the portal lifecycle from the application server start to its stop and how requests are handled.

### Application Server start and stop

A portal instance is simply a web application deployed as a WAR in an application server. Portlets are also part of an enhanced WAR called a portlet application.

GateIn 3.2 does not require any particular setup for your portlet in most common scenarios and the `web.xml` file can remain without any GateIn 3.2 specific configuration.

During deployment, GateIn 3.2 will automatically and transparently inject a servlet into the portlet application to be able to interact with it. This feature is dependent on the underlying servlet container but will work out of the box on the proposed bundles.

### The Command Servlet

The servlet is the main entry point for incoming requests, it also includes some init codes when the portal is launched. This servlet (`org.gatein.wci.command.CommandServlet`) is automatically added during deployment and mapped to `/tomcatgateinservlet`.

This is equivalent to adding the following to `web.xml`.

### Note

As the servlet is already configured, this example only aims at providing information.

    <servlet>

      <servlet-name>TomcatGateInServlet</servlet-name>

      <servlet-class>org.gatein.wci.command.CommandServlet</servlet-class>

      <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>

      <servlet-name>TomcatGateInServlet</servlet-name>

      <url-pattern>/tomcatgateinservlet</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

It is possible to filter on the CommandServlet by filtering the URL pattern used by the Servlet mapping.

The example below would create a servlet filter that calculates the time of execution of a portlet request.

The filter class:

    package org.example;

    import java.io.IOException;

    import javax.servlet.FilterChain;

    import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;

    import javax.servlet.ServletException;

    import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;

    import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

    public class MyFilter implements javax.servlet.Filter {

      public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,

          FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException

      {

        long beforeTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        chain.doFilter(request, response);

        long afterTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("Time to execute the portlet request (in ms): " + (afterTime - beforeTime));

      }

      public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException

      {

      }

      public void destroy()

      {

      }

    }

The Java EE web application configuration file (`web.xml`) of the portlet on which we want to know the time to serve a portlet request. As mentioned above, GateIn 3.2 does not require anything special to be included, only the URL pattern to set has to be known.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>

    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"

        version="2.5">

      <filter>

        <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>

        <filter-class>org.example.MyFilter</filter-class>

      </filter>

      <filter-mapping>

        <filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>

        <url-pattern>/tomcatgateinservlet</url-pattern>

        <dispatcher>INCLUDE</dispatcher>

      </filter-mapping>

    </web-app>

### INCLUDE dispatcher

It is important to set `INCLUDE` as a dispatcher as the portal always hits the CommandServlet through a request dispatcher. Without this, the filter will not be triggered, unless the direct access to a resource, such as an image.

## Default Portal Configuration

### Overview

GateIn 3.2 default homepage URL is `http://{hostname}:{port}/portal/`. There may be multiple independent portals deployed in parallel at any given time, each of which has its root context (i.e.: `http://{hostname}:{port}/sample-portal/`). Each portal is internally composed of one or more 'portals'. It is required to have at least one such portal - the default one is called 'classic'. When accessing the default homepage URL of GateIn 3.2, you are automatically redirected to the 'classic' portal. The default portal performs another important task. When starting up GateIn 3.2 for the first time, its JCR database will be empty (that's where portals keep their runtime-configurable settings). It is the default portal used to detect this, and to trigger automatic data initialization.

### Configuration

The following example configuration can be found at: "`02portal.war:/WEB-INF/conf/portal/portal-configuration.xml`".

    <component>
        <key>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserPortalConfigService</key>
        <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserPortalConfigService</type>
        <component-plugins>
         <component-plugin>
           <name>new.portal.config.user.listener</name>
           <set-method>initListener</set-method>
           <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.NewPortalConfigListener</type>
           <description>this listener init the portal configuration</description>
           <init-params>
             <value-param>
               <name>default.portal</name>
               <description>The default portal for checking db is empty or not</description>
               <value>classic</value>
             </value-param>
             ...
           </init-params>
         </component-plugin>
        </component-plugins>
      </component>

In this example, the classic portal has been set as the default.

### Note

Components, component-plugins, and init-params are explained in the Foundations chapter. For now, just note how the `NewPortalConfigListener` component-plugin is used to add configuration to `UserPortalConfigService`, which is designed in this way to allow other components to add configuration to it.

### Tips

#### Delete Portals Definition by Configuration

In some cases, some portal definitions are defined but not used any more. If you want to delete them, you can add some configurations to portal.war/WEB-INF/conf/portal/portal-configuration.xml.

To delete a portal definition or a portal template definition, you need to define a component plug-in as the example below:

    <external-component-plugins>
        <target-component>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserPortalConfigService</target-component>
    	<component-plugin>
    	  <name>new.portal.config.user.listener</name>
    	  <set-method>deleteListenerElements</set-method>
    	  <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.NewPortalConfigListener</type>
    	  <description>this listener delete some predefined portal and templates configuration</description>
    	  <init-params>
    		<object-param>
    		  <name>site.templates.location</name>
    		  <description>description</description>
    		  <object type="org.exoplatform.portal.config.SiteConfigTemplates">
    			<field name="portalTemplates">
    			  <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
    				<value>
    				  <string>basic</string>
    				</value>
    				<value>
    				  <string>classic</string>
    				</value>
    			  </collection>
    			</field>
    		  </object>
    		</object-param>
    		<object-param>
    		  <name>portal.configuration</name>
    		  <description>description</description>
    		  <object type="org.exoplatform.portal.config.NewPortalConfig">
    			<field  name="predefinedOwner">
    			  <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
    				<value><string>classic</string></value>
    			  </collection>
    			</field>
    			<field name="ownerType"><string>portal</string></field>
    		  </object>
    		</object-param>
    	  </init-params>
    	</component-plugin>
    </external-component-plugins>

#### Set the info bar shown by default for portlet

You can set the info bar shown by default for portlets of a portal by adding a property for the portal-config configuration in the portal.xml file.

                        <properties>
                            <entry key="showPortletInfo">1</entry>
                        </properties>

There are two values for "showPortletInfo": 0 and 1. If the value is 1, the info bar of portlets is shown by default. If the value is 0, it is not.

## Portal Default Permission Configuration

### Overview

The default permission configuration for the portal is defined through `org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserACL` component configuration in the file `02portal.war:/WEB-INF/conf/portal/portal-configuration.xml`.

It defines 8 permissions types:

super.user

  The super-user as root has all the rights on the eXo Platform.

portal.administrator.groups

  Any member of those groups are considered administrators. The default value is `/platform/administrators`.

portal.administrator.mstype

  Any user with that membership type would be considered administrator or the associated group with the `manager` by default.

portal.creator.groups

  This list defines all groups that will be able to manage the different portals. Members of this group also have the permission to create new portals. The format is `membership:/group/subgroup`.

navigation.creator.membership.type

  Defines the membership type of group managers. The group managers have the permission to create and edit group pages and they can modify the group navigation.

guests.group

  Any anonymous user automatically becomes a member of this group when they enter the public pages.

mandatory.groups

  Groups that cannot be deleted.

mandatory.mstypes

  Membership types that cannot be deleted.

    <component>

      <key>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserACL</key>

      <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserACL</type>

      <init-params>

        <value-param>

          <name>super.user</name>

          <description>administrator</description>

          <value>root</value>

        </value-param>

        <value-param>

          <name>portal.creator.groups</name>

          <description>groups with membership type have permission to manage portal</description>

          <value>*:/platform/administrators,*:/organization/management/executive-board</value>

        </value-param>

        <value-param>

          <name>navigation.creator.membership.type</name>

          <description>specific membership type have full permission with group navigation</description>

          <value>manager</value>

        </value-param>

        <value-param>

          <name>guests.group</name>

          <description>guests group</description>

          <value>/platform/guests</value>

        </value-param>

        <value-param>

          <name>access.control.workspace</name>

          <description>groups with memberships that have the right to access the User Control Workspace</description>

          <value>*:/platform/administrators,*:/organization/management/executive-board</value>

        </value-param>

      </init-params>

    </component>

### Overwrite Portal Default Permissions

When creating the custom portals and portal extensions, it is possible to override the default configuration by using `org.exoplatform.portal.config.PortalACLPlugin`, configuring it as an external-plugin of `org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserACL` service:

    <external-component-plugins>

        <target-component>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserACL</target-component>

        <component-plugin>

          <name>addPortalACLPlugin</name>

          <set-method>addPortalACLPlugin</set-method>

          <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.PortalACLPlugin</type>

          <description>setting some permission for portal</description>

          <init-params>

            <values-param>

              <name>access.control.workspace.roles</name>

              <value>*:/platform/administrators</value>

              <value>*:/organization/management/executive-board</value>

            </values-param>

            <values-param>

              <name>portal.creation.roles</name>

              <value>*:/platform/administrators</value>

              <value>*:/organization/management/executive-board</value>

            </values-param>

          </init-params>

        </component-plugin>

      </external-component-plugins>

## Portal Navigation Configuration

### Overview

There are three navigation types available to portal users:

- the section called “Portal Navigation”

- the section called “Group Navigation”

- the section called “User Navigation”

These navigations are configured using the standard XML syntax in the file; "`02portal.war:/WEB-INF/conf/portal/portal-configuration.xml`".

    <component>
       <key>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserPortalConfigService</key>
       <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserPortalConfigService</type>
       <component-plugins>
          <component-plugin>
             <name>new.portal.config.user.listener</name>
             <set-method>initListener</set-method>
             <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.NewPortalConfigListener
          </type>
             <description>this listener init the portal configuration
          </description>
             <init-params>
                <value-param>
                   <name>default.portal</name>
                   <description>The default portal for checking db is empty or not</description>
                   <value>classic</value>
                </value-param>
                <value-param>
                   <name>page.templates.location</name>
                   <description>the path to the location that contains Page templates</description>
                   <value>war:/conf/portal/template/pages</value>
                </value-param>
                <value-param>
                   <name>override</name>
                   <description>The flag parameter to decide if portal metadata is overriden on restarting server
                </description>
                   <value>false</value>
                </value-param>
                <object-param>
                   <name>site.templates.location</name>
                   <description>description</description>
                   <object type="org.exoplatform.portal.config.SiteConfigTemplates">
                      <field name="location">
                         <string>war:/conf/portal</string>
                      </field>
                      <field name="portalTemplates">
                         <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
                            <value><string>basic</string></value>
                            <value><string>classic</string></value>
                         </collection>
                      </field>
                      <field name="groupTemplates">
                         <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
                            <value><string>group</string></value>
                         </collection>
                      </field>
                      <field name="userTemplates">
                         <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
                            <value><string>user</string></value>
                         </collection>
                      </field>
                   </object>
                </object-param>
                <object-param>
                   <name>portal.configuration</name>
                   <description>description</description>
                   <object type="org.exoplatform.portal.config.NewPortalConfig">
                      <field name="predefinedOwner">
                         <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
                            <value><string>classic</string></value>
                         </collection>
                      </field>
                      <field name="ownerType">
                         <string>portal</string>
                      </field>
                      <field name="templateLocation">
                         <string>war:/conf/portal/</string>
                      </field>
                      <field name="importMode">
                         <string>conserve</string>
                      </field>
                   </object>
                </object-param>
                <object-param>
                   <name>group.configuration</name>
                   <description>description</description>
                   <object type="org.exoplatform.portal.config.NewPortalConfig">
                      <field name="predefinedOwner">
                         <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
                            <value><string>/platform/administrators</string></value>
                            <value><string>/platform/users</string></value>
                            <value><string>/platform/guests</string></value>
                            <value><string>/organization/management/executive-board</string></value>
                         </collection>
                      </field>
                      <field name="ownerType">
                         <string>group</string>
                      </field>
                      <field name="templateLocation">
                         <string>war:/conf/portal</string>
                      </field>
                      <field name="importMode">
                         <string>conserve</string>
                      </field>
                   </object>
                </object-param>
                <object-param>
                   <name>user.configuration</name>
                   <description>description</description>
                   <object type="org.exoplatform.portal.config.NewPortalConfig">
                      <field name="predefinedOwner">
                         <collection type="java.util.HashSet">
                            <value><string>root</string></value>
                            <value><string>john</string></value>
                            <value><string>mary</string></value>
                            <value><string>demo</string></value>
                            <value><string>user</string></value>
                         </collection>
                      </field>
                      <field name="ownerType">
                         <string>user</string>
                      </field>
                      <field name="templateLocation">
                         <string>war:/conf/portal</string>
                      </field>
                      <field name="importMode">
                         <string>conserve</string>
                      </field>
                   </object>
                </object-param>
             </init-params>
          </component-plugin>
       </component-plugins>
    </component>

This XML configuration defines where in the portal's war to look for configuration, and which portals, groups, and user specific views to include in `portal/group/user` navigation. Those files will be used to create an initial navigation when the portal is launched in the first time. That information will then be stored in the JCR content repository, and can then be modified and managed from the portal UI.

Each portal, groups and users navigation is indicated by a configuration paragraph, for example:

    <!-- XML : generated by JHighlight v1.0 (http://jhighlight.dev.java.net) -->
    <span class="xml_tag_symbols">&lt;</span><span class="xml_tag_name">object-param</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;</span><span class="xml_plain"></span><br />
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    <span class="xml_plain">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&lt;</span><span class="xml_tag_name">description</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;</span><span class="xml_plain">description</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&lt;/</span><span class="xml_tag_name">description</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;</span><span class="xml_plain"></span><br />
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    <span class="xml_plain">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&lt;</span><span class="xml_tag_name">collection</span><span class="xml_plain">&nbsp;</span><span class="xml_attribute_name">type</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">=</span><span class="xml_attribute_value">&quot;java.util.HashSet&quot;</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;</span><span class="xml_plain"></span><br />
    <span class="xml_plain">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&lt;</span><span class="xml_tag_name">value</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="xml_tag_name">string</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;</span><span class="xml_plain">classic</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&lt;/</span><span class="xml_tag_name">string</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="xml_tag_name">value</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;</span><span class="xml_plain"></span><br />
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    <span class="xml_plain">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&lt;/</span><span class="xml_tag_name">field</span><span class="xml_tag_symbols">&gt;</span><span class="xml_plain"></span><br />
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| predefinedOwner define the navigation owner, portal will look for the configuration files in folder with this name, if there is no suiable folder, a default portal will be created with name is this value.
| ownerType define the type of portal navigation. It may be a portal, group or user
| templateLocation the classpath where contains all portal configuration files
| importMode The mode for navigation import. There are 4 types of import mode: conserve: Import data when it does not exist, otherwise do nothing. insert: Import data when it does not exist, otherwise performs a strategy that adds new data only. merge: Import data when it does not exist, update data when it exists. rewrite: Overwrite data whatsoever.

Base on these parameters, portal will look for the configuration files and create a relevant portal navigation, pages and data import strategy. The portal configuration files will be stored in folders with path look like `{templateLocation}/{ownerType}/{predefinedOwner}`, all navigations are defined in the `navigation.xml` file, pages are defined in pages.xml and portal configuration is defined in `{ownerType}.xml`. For example, with the above configuration, prtal will look for all configuration files from `war:/conf/portal/portal/classic path.`

### Portal Navigation

The portal navigation incorporates the pages that can be accessed even when the user is not logged in assuming the applicable permissions allow the public access). For example, several portal navigations are used when a company owns multiple trademarks, and sets up a website for each of them.

The classic portal is configured by four XML files in the `02portal.war:/WEB-INF/conf/portal/portal/classic` directory:

portal.xml

  This file describes the layout and portlets that will be shown on all pages. The layout usually contains the banner, footer, menu and breadcrumbs portlets. GateIn 3.2 is extremely configurable as every view element (even the banner and footer) is a portlet.

      <portal-config
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_0 http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_0"
         xmlns="http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_0">
         <portal-name>classic</portal-name>
         <locale>en</locale>
         <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
         <edit-permission>*:/platform/administrators</edit-permission>
         <properties>
            <entry key="sessionAlive">onDemand</entry>
            <entry key="showPortletInfo">1</entry>
         </properties>

         <portal-layout>
            <portlet-application>
               <portlet>
                  <application-ref>web</application-ref>
                  <portlet-ref>BannerPortlet</portlet-ref>
                  <preferences>
                     <preference>
                        <name>template</name>
                        <value>par:/groovy/groovy/webui/component/UIBannerPortlet.gtmpl</value>
                        <read-only>false</read-only>
                     </preference>
                  </preferences>
               </portlet>
               <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
               <show-info-bar>false</show-info-bar>
            </portlet-application>

            <portlet-application>
               <portlet>
                  <application-ref>web</application-ref>
                  <portlet-ref>NavigationPortlet</portlet-ref>
               </portlet>
               <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
               <show-info-bar>false</show-info-bar>
            </portlet-application>

            <portlet-application>
               <portlet>
                  <application-ref>web</application-ref>
                  <portlet-ref>BreadcumbsPortlet</portlet-ref>
               </portlet>
               <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
               <show-info-bar>false</show-info-bar>
            </portlet-application>

            <page-body> </page-body>

            <portlet-application>
               <portlet>
                  <application-ref>web</application-ref>
                  <portlet-ref>FooterPortlet</portlet-ref>
                  <preferences>
                     <preference>
                        <name>template</name>
                        <value>par:/groovy/groovy/webui/component/UIFooterPortlet.gtmpl</value>
                        <read-only>false</read-only>
                     </preference>
                  </preferences>
               </portlet>
               <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
               <show-info-bar>false</show-info-bar>
            </portlet-application>

         </portal-layout>

      </portal-config>

  It is also possible to apply a nested container that can also contain portlets. Row, column or tab containers are then responsible for the layout of their child portlets.

  Each application references a portlet using the id `portal#{portalName}:/{portletWarName}/{portletName}/{uniqueId}`

  Use the `page-body` tag to define where GateIn 3.2 should render the current page.

  The defined classic portal is accessible to "Everyone" (at `/portal/public/classic`) but only members of the group `/platform/administrators` can edit it.

navigation.xml

  This file defines all the navigation nodes of the portal. The syntax is simple using the nested node tags. Each node refers to a page defined in the `pages.xml` file (explained next).

  If the administrator want to create node labels for each language, they will have to use `xml:lang` attribute in the label tag with value of `xml:lang` is the relevant locale.

  Otherwise, if they want the node label is localized by resource bundle files, the `#{...}` syntax will be used, the enclosed property name serves as a key that is automatically passed to the internationalization mechanism. Thus the literal property name is replaced by a localized value taken from the associated properties file matching the current locale.

  For example:

      <node-navigation
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_2 http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_2"
         xmlns="http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_2">
         <priority>1</priority>
         <page-nodes>
            <node>
               <name>home</name>
               <label xml:lang="en">Home</label>
               <page-reference>portal::classic::homepage</page-reference>
            </node>
            <node>
               <name>sitemap</name>
               <label xml:lang="en">SiteMap</label>
               <visibility>DISPLAYED</visibility>
               <page-reference>portal::classic::sitemap</page-reference>
            </node>
            ..........
         </page-nodes>
      </node-navigation>

  This navigation tree can have multiple views inside portlets (such as the breadcrumbs portlet) that render the current view node, the site map or the menu portlets.

pages.xml

  This configuration file structure is very similar to `portal.xml` and it can also contain container tags. Each application can decide whether to render the portlet border, the window state, the icons or portlet's mode.

      <page-set
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_0 http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_0"
         xmlns="http://www.gatein.org/xml/ns/gatein_objects_1_0">

         <page>
            <name>homepage</name>
            <title>Home Page</title>
            <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
            <edit-permission>*:/platform/administrators</edit-permission>
            <portlet-application>
               <portlet>
                  <application-ref>web</application-ref>
                  <portlet-ref>HomePagePortlet</portlet-ref>
                  <preferences>
                     <preference>
                        <name>template</name>
                        <value>system:/templates/groovy/webui/component/UIHomePagePortlet.gtmpl</value>
                        <read-only>false</read-only>
                     </preference>
                  </preferences>
               </portlet>
               <title>Home Page portlet</title>
               <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
               <show-info-bar>false</show-info-bar>
               <show-application-state>false</show-application-state>
               <show-application-mode>false</show-application-mode>
            </portlet-application>
         </page>

         <page>
            <name>sitemap</name>
            <title>Site Map</title>
            <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
            <edit-permission>*:/platform/administrators</edit-permission>
            <portlet-application>
               <portlet>
                  <application-ref>web</application-ref>
                  <portlet-ref>SiteMapPortlet</portlet-ref>
               </portlet>
               <title>SiteMap</title>
               <access-permissions>Everyone</access-permissions>
               <show-info-bar>false</show-info-bar>
            </portlet-application>
         </page>
         .......
      </page-set>

### Group Navigation

Group navigations are dynamically added to the user navigation at login. This allows users to see the menu of all pages assigned to any groups they belong to.

The group navigation menu is configured by three XML files (`navigation.xml`, `pages.xml` and `portlet-preferences.xml`). The syntax used in these files is the same as those covered in the section called “Portal Navigation”.

They are also located in the `{templateLocation}/{ownerType}/{predefinedOwner}` directory with `ownerType` is `group` and `predefinedOwner` is the path to the group. For example, `portal.war/WEB-INF/conf/portal/group/platform/administrators/`.

### User Navigation

User navigation is the set of nodes and pages that are owned by the user. They are part of the user's dashboard.

Three files configure the user navigation (`navigation.xml`, `pages.xml` and `portlet-preferences.xml`). They are located in the `{templateLocation}/{ownerType}/{predefinedOwner}` directory with `ownerType` is `user` and `predefinedOwner` is username that want to create the navigation. For example, if administrator want to create navigation for user `root`, he has to locate the configuration files in `portal.war/WEB-INF/conf/portal/user/root`

## Data Import Strategy

### Introduction

In the Portal extension mechanism, developers can define an extension that Portal data can be customized by configurations in the extension. There are several cases which an extension developer wants to define how to customize the Portal data, for example modifying, overwriting or just inserting a bit into the data defined by the portal. Therefore, GateIn also defines several modes for each case and the only thing which a developer has to do is to clarify the usecase and reasonably configure extensions.

This section shows you how data are changes in each mode.

### Import Mode

In this section, the following modes for the import strategy are introduced:

- `CONSERVE`

- `MERGE`

- `INSERT`

- `OVERWRITE`

Each mode indicates how the Portal data are imported. The import mode value is set whenever NewPortalConfigListener is initiated. If the mode is not set, the default value will be used in this case. The default value is configurable as a UserPortalConfigService initial param. For example, the bellow configuration means that default value is `MERGE`

    <component>
      <key>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserPortalConfigService</key>
      <type>org.exoplatform.portal.config.UserPortalConfigService</type>
      <component-plugins>
      ............
      </component-plugins>
      <init-params>
        <value-param>
          <name>default.import.mode</name>
          <value>merge</value>
        </value-param>
      </init-params>
    </component>

The way that the import strategy works with the import mode will be clearly demonstrated in next sections for each type of data.

### Data Import Strategy

The 'Portal Data' term which has been referred in the previous sections can be classified into three types of object data: Portal Config, Page Data and Navigation Data; each of which has some differences in the import strategy.

#### Navigation Data

The navigation data import strategy will be processed to the import mode level as the followings:

- `CONSERVE`: If the navigation exists, leave it untouched. Otherwise, import data.
- `INSERT`: Insert the missing description data, but add only new nodes. Other modifications remains untouched.
- `MERGE`: Merge the description data, add missing nodes and update same name nodes.
- `OVERWRITE`: Always destroy the previous data and recreate it.

In the GateIn navigation structure, each navigation can be referred to a tree which each node links to a page content. Each node contains some description data, such as label, icon, page reference, and more. Therefore, GateIn provides a way to insert or merge new data to the initiated navigation tree or a sub-tree.

The merge strategy performs the recursive comparison of child nodes between the existing persistent nodes of a navigation and the transient nodes provided by a descriptor:

1. Start with the root nodes (which is the effective root node or another node if the parent URI is specified).
2. Compare the set of child nodes and insert the missing nodes in the persistent nodes.
3. Proceed recursively for each child having the same name.

Let's see the example with two navigation nodes in each import mode. In this case, there are 2 navigation definitions:

    <node-navigation>
      <page-nodes>
        <node>
          <name>foo</name>
          <icon>foo_icon_1</icon>
          <node>
            <name>juu</name>
            <icon>juu_icon</icon>
          </node>
        </node>
        <node>
          <name>daa</name>
          <icon>daa_icon</icon>
        </node>
      </page-nodes>
    </node-navigation>

Navigation node tree hierarchy

    <node-navigation>
      <page-nodes>
        <node>
          <name>foo</name>
          <icon>foo_icon_2</icon>
        </node>
        <node>
          <name>bar</name>
          <icon>bar_icon</icon>
        </node>
      </page-nodes>
    </node-navigation>

Navigation node tree hierarchy

For example, the navigation1 is loaded before navigation2. The Navigation Importer processes on two navigation definitions, depending on the Import Mode defined in portal configuration.

- Case 1: Import mode is `CONSERVE`.

  With the `CONSERVE` mode, data are only imported when they do not exist. So, if the navigation has been created by the navigation1 definition, the navigation2 definition does not affect anything on it. We have the result as following

- Case 2: Import mode is `INSERT`.

  If a node does not exist, the importer will add new nodes to the navigation tree. You will see the following result:

  Hereafter, the node 'bar' is added to the navigation tree, because it does not exist in the initiated data. Other nodes are kept in the import process.

- Case 3: Import mode is `MERGE`.

  The `MERGE` mode indicates that a new node is added to the navigation tree, and updates the node data (such node label and node icon in the example) if it exists.

- Case 4: Import mode is `OVERWRITE`.

  Everything will be destroyed and replaced with new data if the `OVERWRITE` mode is used.

#### Portal Config

PortalConfig defines the portal name, permission, layout and some properties of a site. These information are configured in the portal.xml, group.xml or user.xml, depending on the site type. The PortalConfig importer performs a strategy that is based on the mode defined in NewPortalConfigListener, including `CONSERVE`, `INSERT`, `MERGE` or `OVERWRITE`. Let's see how the import mode affects in the process of portal data performance:

- `CONSERVE`: There is nothing to be imported. The existing data will be kept without any changes.
- `INSERT`: When the portal config does not exist, create the new portal defined by the portal config definition. Otherwise, do nothing.
- `MERGE` and `OVERWRITE` have the same behavior. The new portal config will be created if it does not exist or update portal properties defined by the portal config definition.

#### Page Data

The import mode affects the page data import as the same as Portal Config.

### Note

If the Import mode is `CONSERVE` or `INSERT`, the data import strategy always performs as the `MERGE` mode in the first data initialization of the Portal.

## Internationalization Configuration

### Overview

### Assumed Knowledge

GateIn 3.2 is fully configurable for internationalization; however, users should have a general knowledge of Internationalization in Java products before attempting these configurations.

Sun Java hosts a comprehensive guide to internationalize Java products at http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/i18n/TOC.html.

All GateIn 3.2 applications contain property files for various languages. They are packaged with the portlets applications in a `WEB-INF/classes/locale/` directory.

These files are located in the `classes` folder of the WEB-INF directory to be loaded by the ClassLoader.

All resource files are in a subfolder named `locale`.

For example, the translations for the NavigationPortlet are located in `web.war/WEB-INF/classes/locale/portlet/portal.`

    NavigationPortlet_de.properties
    NavigationPortlet_en.properties
    NavigationPortlet_es.properties
    NavigationPortlet_fr.properties
    NavigationPortlet_nl.properties
    NavigationPortlet_ru.properties
    NavigationPortlet_uk.properties
    NavigationPortlet_ar.xml

Those files contain typical `key=value` Java EE properties. For example, the French one:

    javax.portlet.title=Portlet Navigation

There are also properties files in the portal itself. They form the portal resource bundle.

From a portlet, you can then access translations from the portlet itself or shared at the portal level, both are aggregated when you need them.

### Translation in XML format

It is also possible to use a proprietary XML format to define translations. This is a more convenient way to translate a document for some languages, such as Japanese, Arabic or Russian. Property files have to be ASCII encoded, while the XML file can define its encoding. As a result, it is easier for you to read or edit a translation in XML instead of having to decode and encode the property file.

For more information, refer to the section called “XML Resources Bundles”.

### Locales configuration

Various languages are available in the portal package. The configuration below will define which languages shown in the "Change Language" section and made available to users.

The `02portal.war:/WEB-INF/conf/common/common-configuration.xml` file of your installation contains the following section:

    <component>

      <key>org.exoplatform.services.resources.LocaleConfigService</key>

      <type>org.exoplatform.services.resources.impl.LocaleConfigServiceImpl</type>

      <init-params>

        <value-param>

          <name>locale.config.file</name>

          <value>war:/conf/common/locales-config.xml</value>

        </value-param>

      </init-params>

    </component>

This configuration points to the locale configuration file.

The locale configuration file (`02portal.war:/WEB-INF/conf/common/locales-config.xml`) contains the following code:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    <locales-config>

      <locale-config>

        <locale>en</locale>

        <output-encoding>UTF-8</output-encoding>

        <input-encoding>UTF-8</input-encoding>

        <description>Default configuration for english locale</description>

      </locale-config>

      <locale-config>

        <locale>fr</locale>

        <output-encoding>UTF-8</output-encoding>

        <input-encoding>UTF-8</input-encoding>

        <description>Default configuration for the french locale</description>

      </locale-config>

      <locale-config>

        <locale>ar</locale>

        <output-encoding>UTF-8</output-encoding>

        <input-encoding>UTF-8</input-encoding>

        <description>Default configuration for the arabic locale</description>

        <orientation>rt</orientation>

      </locale-config>

    </locales-config>

| locale The locale has to be defined, such as http://ftp.ics.uci.edu-pub-ietf-http-related-iso639.txt. In this example, "ar" is Arabic.
| output-encoding deals with the character encoding. It is recommended that UTF-8 be used.
| input-encoding In the Java implementation, the encoding parameters will be used for the request response stream. The input-encoding parameter will be used for requesting setCharacterEncoding(..).
| description Description for the language
| orientation The default orientation of text and images is Left-To-Right. GateIn 3.2 supports Right-To-Left orientation. Modifying the text orientation is explained in the section called “RTL (Right To Left) Framework”.

### ResourceBundleService

The resource bundle service is configured in: `02portal.war:/WEB-INF/conf/common/common-configuration.xml`:

    <component>

      <key>org.exoplatform.services.resources.ResourceBundleService</key>

      <type>org.exoplatform.services.resources.impl.SimpleResourceBundleService</type>

      <init-params>

        <values-param>

          <name>classpath.resources</name>

          <description>The resources  that start with the following package name should be load from file system</description>

          <value>locale.portlet</value>

        </values-param>

        <values-param>

          <name>init.resources</name>

          <description>Initiate the following resources during the first launch</description>

          <value>locale.portal.expression</value>

          <value>locale.portal.services</value>

          <value>locale.portal.webui</value>

          <value>locale.portal.custom</value>

          <value>locale.navigation.portal.classic</value>

          <value>locale.navigation.group.platform.administrators</value>

          <value>locale.navigation.group.platform.users</value>

          <value>locale.navigation.group.platform.guests</value>

          <value>locale.navigation.group.organization.management.executive-board</value>

        </values-param>

        <values-param>

          <name>portal.resource.names</name>

          <description>The properties files of  the portal ,  those file will be merged

            into one ResoruceBundle properties </description>

          <value>locale.portal.expression</value>

          <value>locale.portal.services</value>

          <value>locale.portal.webui</value>

          <value>locale.portal.custom</value>

        </values-param>

      </init-params>

    </component>

| classpath.resources are discussed in the later section.
| init.resources initiates resources related to portal, group, user resource bundle.
| portal.resource.names defines all resources that belong to the Portal Resource Bundle. These resources are merged into a single resource bundle which is accessible from anywhere in GateIn 3.2. All these keys are located in the same bundle, which is separated from the navigation resource bundles.

### Navigation Resource Bundles

There is a resource bundle for each navigation. A navigation can exist for user, groups, and portal.

The previous example shows bundle definitions for the navigation of the classic portal and of four different groups. Each of these resource bundles occupies a different sphere, they are independent of each other and they are not included in the `portal.resource.names` parameter.

The properties for a group must be in the `WEB-INF/classes/locale/navigation/group/` folder. `/WEB-INF/classes/locale/navigation/group/organization/management/executive-board_en.properties`, for example.

The folder and file names must correspond to the group hierarchy. The group name "`executive-board`" is followed by the iso 639 code.

For each language defined in `LocalesConfig` must have a resource file defined. If the name of a group is changed the name of the folder and/or files of the correspondent navigation resource bundles must also be changed.

Content of `executive-board_en.properties`:

    organization.title=Organization
    organization.newstaff=New Staff
    organization.management=Management

This resource bundle is only accessible for the navigation of the `organization.management.executive-board` group.

### Portlets

Portlets are independent applications and deliver their own resource files.

All shipped portlet resources are located in the locale/portlet subfolder. The ResourceBundleService parameter classpath.resources defines this subfolder.

Procedure 3.1. Example

To add a Spanish translation to the `GadgetPortlet`.

1. Create the file `GadgetPortlet_es.properties` in: `WEB-INF/classes/locale/portlet/gadget/GadgetPortlet`.

2. In `portlet.xml`, add `Spanish` as a supported-locale ('es' is the 2 letters code for Spanish), the resource-bundle is already declared and is the same for all languages:

       <supported-locale>en</supported-locale>

       <supported-locale>es</supported-locale>

       <resource-bundle>locale.portlet.gadget.GadgetPortlet</resource-bundle>

See the portlet specification for more details about the portlet internationalization.

#### Standard portlet resource keys

The portlet specifications define three standard keys: Title, Short Title and Keywords. Keywords are formatted as a comma-separated list of tags.

     javax.portlet.title=Breadcrumbs Portlet
     javax.portlet.short-title=Breadcrumbs
     javax.portlet.keywords=Breadcrumbs, Breadcrumb

#### Debugging resource bundle usage

When translating an application, it can sometimes be difficult to find the right key for a given property.

Execute the portal in the debug mode and select the special language from the available languages,; Magic locale.

This feature translates a key to the same key value.

For example, the translated value for the key "`organization.title`" is simply the value "`organization.title`". Selecting that language allows use of the portal and its applications with all the keys visible. This makes it easier to find out the correct key for a given label in the portal page.

### Translating the language selection form

When choosing a language as on the screenshot above, the user is presented with a list of languages on the left side in the current chosen language and on the right side, the same language translated into its own language. Those texts are obtained from the JDK API `java.util.Locale.getDisplayedLanguage()` and `java.util.Locale.getDisplayedCountry()` (if needed) and all languages may not be translated and can also depend on the JVM currently used. It is still possible to override those values by editing the `locale.portal.webui` resource bundle, to do so edit the file `gatein.ear/02portal.war/WEB-INF/classes/locale/portal/webui_xx_yy.properties` where `xx_yy` represents the country code of the language in which you want to translate a particular language. In that file, add or modify a key such as `Locale.xx_yy` with the value being the translated string.

Example 3.1. Changing the displayed text for Traditional Chinese in French

First edit `gatein.ear/02portal.war/WEB-INF/classes/locale/portal/webui_fr.properties` where `ne` is the country code for French, and add the following key into it:

                  Locale.zh_TW=Chinois traditionnel

After a restart the language will be updated in the user interface when a user is trying to change the current language.

## RTL (Right To Left) Framework

The text orientation depends on the current locale setting. The orientation is a Java 5 enum that provides a set of functionalities:

       LT, // Western Europe
       RT, // Middle East (Arabic, Hebrew)
       TL, // Japanese, Chinese, Korean
       TR; // Mongolian
       public boolean isLT() { ... }
       public boolean isRT() { ... }
       public boolean isTL() { ... }
       public boolean isTR() { ... }

The object defining the Orientation for the current request is the `UIPortalApplication`. However, it should be accessed at runtime using the `RequestContext` that delegates to the `UIPortalApplication`.

In case of `PortalRequestContext`, it directly delegates as the `PortalRequestContext` has a reference to the current `UIPortalApplication`.

In case of a different context, such as the `PortletRequestContext`, it delegates to the parent context given the fact that the root `RequestContext` is always a `PortalRequestContext`.

### Groovy templates

Orientation is defined by implicit variables in the Groovy binding context:

Orientation

  The current orientation as an Orientation

isLT

  The value of orientation.isLT()

isRT

  The value of orientation.isRT()

dir

  The string 'ltr' if the orientation is LT or the string 'rtl' if the orientation is RT.

### Stylesheet

The skin service handles stylesheet rewriting to accommodate the orientation. It works by appending -lt or -rt to the stylesheet name.

For instance: `/web/skin/portal/webui/component/UIFooterPortlet/DefaultStylesheet-rt.css` will return the same stylesheet as `/web/skin/portal/webui/component/UIFooterPortlet/DefaultStylesheet.css` but processed for the RT orientation. The `-lt` suffix is optional.

Stylesheet authors can annotate their stylesheet to create content that depends on the orientation.

Example 3.2.

In the example, we need to use the orientation to modify the float attribute that will make the horizontal tabs either float on left or on right:

    float: left; /* orientation=lt */

    float: right; /* orientation=rt */

    font-weight: bold;

    text-align: center;

    white-space: nowrap;

The LT produced output will be:

    float: left; /* orientation=lt */

    font-weight: bold;

    text-align: center;

    white-space: nowrap;

The RT produced output will be:

    float: right; /* orientation=rt */

    font-weight: bold;

    text-align: center;

    white-space: nowrap;

Example 3.3.

In this example, you need to modify the padding according to the orientation:

    color: white;

    line-height: 24px;

    padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; /* orientation=lt */

    padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; /* >orientation=rt */

The LT produced output will be:

    color: white;

    line-height: 24px;

    padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; /* orientation=lt */

The RT produced output will be:

    color: white;

    line-height: 24px;

    padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; /* orientation=rt */

### Images

Sometimes, it is necessary to create the RT version of an image that will be used from a template or from a stylesheet. However, symmetric images can be automatically generated avoiding the necessity to create a mirrored version of an image and furthermore avoiding maintenance cost.

The web resource filter uses the same naming pattern as the skin service. When an image ends with the -rt suffix, the portal will attempt to locate the original image and create a mirror of it.

For instance: requesting the image `/GateInResources/skin/DefaultSkin/webui/component/UITabSystem/UITabs/background/NormalTabStyle-rt.gif` returns a mirror of the image `/GateInResources/skin/DefaultSkin/webui/component/UITabSystem/UITabs/background/NormalTabStyle.gif`.

### Note

It is important to consider whether the image to be mirrored is symmetrical as this will impact its final appearance.

Here is an example combining stylesheet and images:

    line-height: 24px;

    background: url('background/NavigationTab.gif') no-repeat right top; /* orientation=lt */

    background: url('background/NavigationTab-rt.gif') no-repeat left top; /* orientation=rt */

    padding-right: 2px; /* orientation=lt */

    padding-left: 2px; /* orientation=rt */

### Client side JavaScript

The `eXo.core.I18n` object provides the following parameters for orientation:

getOrientation()

  Return either the string lt or rt

getDir()

  Return either the string ltr or rtl

isLT()

  Return true for LT

isRT()

  Return true of RT

## XML Resources Bundles

### Motivation

Resource bundles are usually stored in property files. However, as property files are plain files, issues with the encoding of the file may arise. The XML resource bundle format has been developed to provide an alternative to property files.

- The XML format declares the encoding of the file. This avoids use of the native2ascii program which can interfere with encoding.

- Property files generally use the ISO 8859-1 character encoding which does not cover the full unicode charset. As a result, languages, such as Arabic, would not be natively supported.

- Tooling for XML files is better supported than the tooling for Java property files; thus, the XML editor copes well with the file encoding.

### XML format

The XML format is very simple and has been developed based on the DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle. The resource bundle keys are hierarchically defined and we can leverage the hierarchic nature of the XML for that purpose. Here is an example of turning a property file into an XML resource bundle file:

    UIAccountForm.tab.label.AccountInputSet = ...
    UIAccountForm.tab.label.UIUserProfileInputSet = ...
    UIAccountForm.label.Profile = ...
    UIAccountForm.label.HomeInfo= ...
    UIAccountForm.label.BusinessInfo= ...
    UIAccountForm.label.password= ...
    UIAccountForm.label.Confirmpassword= ...
    UIAccountForm.label.email= ...
    UIAccountForm.action.Reset= ...

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

    <bundle>

      <UIAccountForm>

        <tab>

          <label>

            <AccountInputSet>...</AccountInputSet>

            <UIUserProfileInputSet>...</UIUserProfileInputSet>

          </label>

        </tab>

        <label>

          <Profile>...</Profile>

          <HomeInfo>...</HomeInfo>

          <BusinessInfo>...</BusinessInfo>

          <password>...</password>

          <Confirmpassword>...</Confirmpassword>

          <email>...</email>

        </label>

        <action>

          <Reset>...</Reset>

        </action>

      </UIAccountForm>

    </bundle>

### Portal support

To be loaded by the portal at runtime (actually the resource bundle service), the name of the file must be the same as a property file and it must use the .xml suffix.

For example, for the Account Portlet to be displayed in Arabic, the resource bundle would be AccountPortlet_ar.xml rather than AccountPortlet_ar.properties.

## JavaScript Inter Application Communication

### Overview

JavaScript Inter Application Communication is designed to allow applications within a page to exchange data. This library is made for broadcasting messages on topic.

It is based on 3 functions:

- Subscribe.

- Publish.

- Unsubscribe.

A subscription to a topic will receive any subtopic messages. For example, the application subscribed to "`/eXo/application`" will receive messages sent on the "`/eXo/application/map`" topic. A message sent on "`/eXo`" would not be received.

Subscription Topics

/eXo

  This topic contains all the events generated by eXo Platform.

/eXo/portal/notification

  A message sent on this topic will prompt a pop-up notification at the top right of the screen.

### Library

The Inter Application Communication library is found in `01eXoResources.war:/javascript/eXo/core/Topic.js`

    /**
     * publish is used to publish an event to the other subscribers to the given channels
     * @param {Object} senderId is a string that identify the sender
     * @param {String} topic is the topic that the message will be published
     * @param {Object} message is the message that's going to be delivered to the subscribers to the topic
     */
    Topic.prototype.publish = function(/*Object*/ senderId, /*String*/ topicName, /*Object*/ message ) { ... }

    /**
     * isSubscribed is used to check if a function receive the events from a topic
     * @param {String} topic The topic.
     * @param {Function} func is the name of the function of obj to call when a message is received on the topic
     */
    Topic.prototype.isSubscribed = function(/*String*/ topic, /*Function*/ func) { ... }

    /**
     * subscribe is used to subscribe a callback to a topic
     * @param {String} topic is the topic that will be listened
     * @param {Function} func is the name of the function of obj to call when a message is received on the topic
     *
     * func is a function that take a Object in parameter. the event received have this format:
     * {senderId:senderId, message:message, topic: topic}
     *
     */
    Topic.prototype.subscribe = function(/*String*/ topic, /*Function*/ func) { ... }

    /**
     * unsubscribe is used to unsubscribe a callback to a topic
     * @param {String} topic is the topic
     * @param {Object} id is the id of the listener we want to unsubscribe
     */
    Topic.prototype.unsubscribe = function(/*String*/ topic, /*Object*/ id) { ... }

    Topic.prototype.initCometdBridge = function() { ... }

### Syntax

The three messaging functions require particular objects and definitions in their syntax:

Subscribe

  The `subscribe` function is used to subscribe a callback to a topic. It uses the following parameters:

  topic

    The topic that will be listened for.

  func

    The name of the object function to call when a message is received on the topic. It has to be a function that takes an Object parameter. The event received will have this format:

        {
          senderId:senderId,
          message:message,
          topic: topic
        }

Publish

  The `publish` function is used to publish an event to the other subscribered applications through the given channels. Its parameters are:

  senderId

    This is a string that identifies the sender.

  topicName

    The topic that the message will be published.

  message

    This is the message body to be delivered to the subscribers to the topic.

Unsubscribe

  The `unsubscribe` function is used to unsubscribe a callback to a topic. The required parameters are:

  topic

    The topic from which will be unsubscribed.

  id

    This is the context object.

### Example of Javascript events usage

    <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/portlet" prefix="portlet" %>

    <portlet:defineObjects/>

    <div>

      <p>

        Received messages:

        <div id="received_<portlet:namespace/>">

        </div>

      </p>

      <p>

        Send message:

        <input type="text" id="msg_<portlet:namespace/>"/> <a href="#" onclick="send_<portlet:namespace/>();">send</a>

      </p>

    </div>

    <script type="text/javascript">

      Function.prototype.bind = function(object) {

        var method = this;

          return function() {

          method.apply(object, arguments);

        }

      }

      function send_<portlet:namespace/>() {

        var msg = document.getElementById("msg_<portlet:namespace/>").value;

        eXo.core.Topic.publish("<portlet:namespace/>", "/demo", msg);

      }

      function Listener_<portlet:namespace/>(){

      }

      Listener_<portlet:namespace/>.prototype.receiveMsg = function(event) {

        document.getElementById("received_<portlet:namespace/>").innerHTML =

          document.getElementById("received_<portlet:namespace/>").innerHTML + "<br />* " +

          event.senderId + ": " + event.message;

      }

      function init_<portlet:namespace/>() {

        var listener_<portlet:namespace/> = new Listener_<portlet:namespace/>();

        eXo.core.Topic.subscribe("/demo", listener_<portlet:namespace/>.receiveMsg.bind(listener_<portlet:namespace/>));

      }

      init_<portlet:namespace/>();

    </script>

## Upload Component

### Upload Service

The service is defined by the class: `org.exoplatform.upload.UploadService`;

This can be configured with the following xml code:

    <component>

       <type>org.exoplatform.upload.UploadService</type>

         <init-params>

           <value-param>

            <name>upload.limit.size</name>

            <description>Maximum size of the file to upload in MB</description>

            <value>10</value>

          </value-param>

        </init-params>

      </component>

This code allows for a default upload size limit for the service to be configured. The value unit is in MegaBytes.

This limit will be used by default by all applications if no application-specific limit is set. Setting a different limit for applications is discussed in a later section.

If the value is set to `0`, the upload size is unlimited.

Procedure 3.2. How to use the upload component

1. Create an object type `org.exoplatform.webui.form.UIFormUploadInput`.

   Two constructors are available for this:

       public UIFormUploadInput(String name, String bindingExpression)

   or:

       public UIFormUploadInput(String name, String bindingExpression, int limit)

   This is an example using the second form:

       PortletRequestContext pcontext = (PortletRequestContext)WebuiRequestContext.getCurrentInstance();

       PortletPreferences portletPref = pcontext.getRequest().getPreferences();

       int limitMB = Integer.parseInt(portletPref.getValue("uploadFileSizeLimitMB", "").trim());

       UIFormUploadInput uiInput = new UIFormUploadInput("upload", "upload", limitMB);

2. To obtain the limit from the `xml` configuration, this piece of code can be added to the either `portlet.xml` or `portlet-preferences.xml`:

       <preference>

         <name>uploadFileSizeLimitMB</name>

         <value>30</value>

         <read-only>false</read-only>

       </preference>

   Again, the `0` value means an unlimited upload size, and the value unit is set in MegaBytes.

3. Use the `getUploadDataAsStream()` method to get the uploaded data:

       UIFormUploadInput input = (UIFormUploadInput)uiForm.getUIInput("upload");

       InputStream inputStream = input.getUploadDataAsStream();

       ...

       jcrData.setValue(inputStream);

4. The upload service stores a temporary file on the file system during the upload process. When the upload is finished, the service must be cleaned to:

   1. Delete the temporary file.

   2. Delete the classes used for the upload.

   Use the`removeUpload()` method defined in the upload service to purge the file:

       UploadService uploadService = uiForm.getApplicationComponent(UploadService.class) ;

       UIFormUploadInput uiChild = uiForm.getChild(UIFormUploadInput.class) ;

       uploadService.removeUpload(uiChild.getUploadId()) ;

   ### Saving the uploaded file

   Ensure the file is saved before the service is cleaned.

## Deactivation of the Ajax Loading Mask Layer

### Purpose

The loading mask layer is deployed after an ajax-call. It aims at blocking the GUI to prevent further user actions until the the ajax-request has been completed.

However, the mask layer may need to be deactivated in instances where the portal requires user instructions before the previous instructions have been carried out.

Procedure 3.3. How to deactivate the ajax-loading mask

1. Generate a script to make an asynchronous ajax-call. Use the `uicomponent.doAsync()` method rather than the `uicomponent.event()` method.

   For example:

       <a href="<%=uicomponent.doAsync(action, beanId, params)%>" alt="">Asynchronous</a>

2. The `doAsync()` method automatically adds the following new parameter to the parameters list; `asyncparam = new Parameter(AJAX ASYNC,"true"); (AJAX ASYNC == "ajax async")`

   This request is asynchronous and the ajax-loading mask will not deployed.

   ### Note

   An asynchronous request can still be made using the `uicomponent.event()`. When using this method, the asyncparam must be added manually.

The GUI will be blocked to ensure that the user can only request one action at one time and while the request seems to be synchronous, all ajax requests are always asynchronous. For further information, refer to the section called “Synchronous issue”.

### Synchronous issue

Most web browsers support ajax requests in two modes: Synchronous and Asynchronous. This mode is specified with a boolean `bAsync` parameter.

    var bAsync = false; // Synchronous
    request.open(instance.method, instance.url, bAsync);

However, to work with browsers that do not support the Synchronous requests, `bAsync` is always set to true (Ajax request will always be asynchronous).

    // Asynchronous request
    request.open(instance.method, instance.url, true);

## JavaScript Configuration

Managing JavaScript in an application like GateIn 3.2 is a critical part of the configuration work. Configuring the scripts correctly will result in the faster response time from the portal.

Every portlet can have its own JavaScript code but in many cases, it is more convenient to reuse some existing shared libraries. For that reason, GateIn 3.2 has a mechanism to easily register the libraries that will be loaded when every page is rendered.

To do so, every WAR deployed in GateIn 3.2 can register the `.js` files with the gatein-resources.xml configuration file.

The example code snippet below is found in the gatein-resources.xml in the eXoResources.war file.

    <javascript>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo.js</js-path>

        <js-priority>0</js-priority>

      </param>

    </javascript>

    <!-- CORE Javascripts -->

    <javascript>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.Utils</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/Util.js</js-path>

        <js-priority>1</js-priority>

      </param>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.DOMUtil</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/DOMUtil.js</js-path>

        <js-priority>1</js-priority>

      </param>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.Browser</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/Browser.js</js-path>

        <js-priority>2</js-priority>

      </param>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.MouseEventManager</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/MouseEventManager.js</js-path>

      </param>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.UIMaskLayer</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/UIMaskLayer.js</js-path>

      </param>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.Skin</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/Skin.js</js-path>

      </param>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.DragDrop</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/DragDrop.js</js-path>

      </param>

      <param>

        <js-module>eXo.core.DragDrop2</js-module>

        <js-path>/javascript/eXo/core/DragDrop2.js</js-path>

      </param>

    </javascript>

Note that registered JavaScript files will be merged into a single `merged.js` file when the server loads. This reduces the number of HTTP calls as shown in the homepage source code:

    <script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/javascript/merged.js"></script>

Although this optimization is useful for a production environment, it may be easier to deactivate this optimization while debugging JavaScript problems.

To do this, set the Java system property `exo.product.developing` to `true`. GateIn provides two startup scripts that define this property in gatein-dev.sh (for Linux, Mac) and gatein-dev.bat (for Windows).

To generate the `merged.js` file, set this property to `false`. If the property is not set, the default value is false.

The property can be passed as a JVM parameter with the `-D` option in your `GateIn.sh` or `GateIn.bat` startup script.

Every JavaScript file is associated with a module name which acts as a namespace.

Inside the associated JavaScript files, the eXo JavaScript objects are exposed as global variables named after the module.

For example:

    eXo.core.DragDrop = new DragDrop();

It is also possible to use the `eXo.require()`method to lazy load and evaluate some JavaScript codes. This is quite useful for the portlet or gadget applications that will use this JavaScript only once. Otherwise, if the library is reusable in several places, it is better to define it in the gatein-resources.xml file.

## Navigation Controller

### Description

The navigation controller is a major enhancement of GateIn that has several goals:

- Provide non-ambiguous URLs for resources managed by the portal, such as navigation. Previously, different resources were possible for a single URL, even worse, the set of resources available for an URL depends on private navigations (groups and dashboard).

- Decouple the HTTP request from the portal request. Previously, both were tightly coupled, for instance, the URL for a site had to begin with /public/{sitename} or /private/{sitename} .The navigation controller provides a flexible and configurable mapping.

- Provide a more friendly URL and let portal administrator configure how the HTTP request should look like.

### Controller in Action

#### Controller

The `WebAppController` is the component of GateIn that processes HTTP invocations and transforms them into a portal request. It has been improved with the addition of a request mapping engine (controller) whose role is to make the HTTP request decouple and create a portal request. The mapping engine makes two essential tasks:

- Create a Map<QualifiedName, String> from an incoming HTTP request.

- Render a Map<QualifiedName, String> as an HTTP URL.

The goal of the controller (mapping engine) is to decouple the request processed by GateIn from the incoming HTTP request. Indeed, a request contain data that determine how the request will be processed and such data can be encoded in various places in the request, such as the request path, or a query parameter. The controller allows GateIn to route a request according to a set of parameters (a map) instead of the servlet request.

The controller configuration is declarative in an .xml file, allowing easy reconfiguration of the routing table and it is processed into an internal data structure that is used to perform resolution (routing or rendering).

#### Building controller

The controller configuration that contains the routing rules is loaded from the controller.xml file that is retrieved in the GateIn configuration directory. Its location is determined by the gatein.controller.config property.

WebAppController loads and initializes the mapping engine.

    <!-- conf/portal/controller-configuration.xml of portal.war -->

    <component>

      <type>org.exoplatform.web.WebAppController</type>

        <init-params>

          <value-param>

            <name>controller.config</name>

            <value>${gatein.portal.controller.config}</value>

          </value-param>

        </init-params>

    </component>

GateIn's extension project can define their own routing table, thanks to the extension mechanism.

The controller.xml file can be changed and reloaded at runtime. This helps the test of different configurations easily (configuration loading operations) and provides more insight into the routing engine (the findRoutes operation). See Rebuiding controller below for more details.

- ReBuilding controller

The WebAppController is annotated with `@Managed` annotations and is bound under the `view=portal,service=controller` JMX name and under the "portalcontroller" REST name.

It provides the following attributes and operations:

- Attribute configurationPath: the "read-only" configuration path of the controller.xml file.

- Operation loadConfiguration: load a new configuration file from a specified XML path.

- Operation reloadConfiguration: reload the configuration file.

- Operation findRoutes: route the request argument through the controller and returns a list of all parameter map resolutions. The argument is a request URI, such as /groups/:platform:administrators/administration/registry. It returns a string representation (`List<Map>`) of the matched routes.

#### Controller Configuration (controller.xml)

Most of the controller configuration cares about defining rules (Routing table - contains routes object) that will drive the resolution. Routes are processed during the controller initialization to give a tree of node.

- Each node is related to its parent with a matching rule that can either be an exact string matching or a regular expression matching.

- Each node is associated with a set of parameters.

A parameter is defined by a qualified name and there are three kinds of parameters explained in the sections below.

##### Route parameters

Route parameters defines a fixed value associate with a qualified name.

- Routing: route parameters allow the controller to distinguish branches easily and route the request accordingly.

- Rendering: the system will select a route to render an URL if all route parameters are always matched.

Example:

    <route path="/foo">

      <route-param qname="gtn:handler">

        <value>portal</value>

      </route-param>

    </route>

This configuration matches the request path "/foo" to the map (gtn:handler=portal). Conversely, it renders the (gtn:handler=portal) map as the "/foo" URL. This example shows two concepts:

- exact path matching ("/foo")

- route parameters ("gtn:handler")

##### Path parameters - Regular expression support

Path parameters allow to associate a portion of the request path with a parameter. Such parameter will match any non empty portions of text except the / character (that is the [^/]+ regular expression) otherwise they can be associated with a regular expression for matching specific patterns. Path parameters are mandatory for matching since they are a part of the request path, however it is allowed to write regular expression matching an empty value.

- Routing: route is accepted if the regular expression is matched.

- Rendering: the system will select a route to render an URL if all route parameters are always matched.

Encoding

Path parameters may contain the '/' character which is a reserved char for the URI path. This case is specially handled by the navigation controller by using a special character to replace the '/' literals. By default, the character is the colon ":" and can be changed to other possible values (see controller XML schema for possible values) to give a greater amount of flexibility.

This encoding is applied only when the encoding is performed for parameters having a mode set to the `default-form` value, for instance, it does not happen for navigation node URI (for which / are encoded literally). The separator escape char can still be used but under it is percent escaped form, so by default, a path parameter value containing the colon ":" would be encoded as `%3A` and conversely the `%3A` value will be decoded as the colon ":".

Example: No pattern is define, the default one [^/]+ will be used:

    <route path="/{gtn:path}">

    </route>

As a result of the example above, routing and rendering is as below:

    Routing and Rendering
    Path "/foo"      <--> the map (gtn:path=foo)

    Path "/foo:bar"  <--> the map (gtn:path=foo/bar)

If the request path contains another "/" char, it will not work. The default encoding mode is default-form. In the example above, "/foo/bar" is not matched, so the system returns an empty parameter map.

However, this problem could be solved with the following configuration:

    <route path="/{gtn:path}">

      <path-param encoding="preserve-path" qname="gtn:path">

        <pattern>.*</pattern>

      </path-param>

    </route>

- The ".*" declaration allows matching any char sequence.

- The "preserve-path" encoding tells the engine that the "/" chars should be handled by the path parameter itself as they have a special meaning for the router. Without this special encoding, "/" would be rendered as the ":" character and conversely the ":" character would be matched as the "/" character.

##### Request parameters

Request parameters are matched from the request parameters (GET or POST). The match can be optional as their representation in the request allows it.

- Routing:

  - Route is accepted when a required parameter is present and matched in the request.

  - Route is accepted when an optional parameter is absent or matched in the request.

- Rendering:

  - For required parameters, the system will select a route to render an URL when the parameter is present and matched in the map.

  - For optional parameters, the system will select a route to render an URL when the parameter is absent or matched in the map.

Example:

    <route path="/">

      <request-param name="path" qname="gtn:path"/>

    </route>

Request parameters are declared by a `request-param` element and will match any value by default. A request like "/?path=foo" is mapped to the (gtn:path=foo) map. The `name` attribute of the `request-param` tag defines the request parameter value. This element accepts more configuration:

- A `value` or a `pattern` element that is a child element used to match a constant or a pattern.

- A `control-mode` attribute with the `optional` or `required` value indicates if matching is mandatory or not.

- A `value-mapping` attribute with the possible values, such as `canonical`, `never-empty`, `never-null` can be used to filter values after matching is done. For instance, a parameter configured with `value-mapping="never-empty"` and matched with the empty string value will not put the empty string in the map.

##### Route precedence

The order of route declaration is important as it affects on how rules are matched. Sometimes, the same request could be matched by several routes and the routing table is ambiguous.

    <route path="/foo">

      <route-param qname="gtn:handler">

        <value>portal</value>

      </route-param>

    </route>

    <route path="/{gtn:path}">

      <path-param encoding="preserve-path" qname="gtn:path">

        <pattern>.*</pattern>

      </path-param>

    </route>

In that case, the request path "/foo" will always be matched by the first rule before the second rule. This can be misleading since the map (gtn:path=foo) would be rendered as "/foo" as well and would not be matched by the first rule. Such ambiguit can happen, it can be desirable or not.

##### Route nesting

Route nesting is possible and often desirable as it helps to:

- Factor common parameters in a common rule.

- Perform more efficient matching as the match of the common rule is done once for all the sub routes.

    <route path="/foo">

      <route-param qname="gtn:handler">

        <value>portal</value>

      </route-param>

      <route path="/bar">

        <route-param qname="gtn:path">

          <value>bar</value>

        </route-param>

      </route>

      <route path="/juu">

        <route-param qname="gtn:path">

          <value>juu</value>

        </route-param>

      </route>

    </route>

- The request path "/foo/bar" is mapped to the (gtn:handler=portal,gtn:path=bar) map.

- The request path "/foo/juu" is mapped to the (gtn:handler=portal,gtn:path=juu) map.

- The request path "/foo" is not mapped as non leaf routes do not perform matches.

### Integrate to GateIn WebUI framework

#### Routing

GateIn defines a set of parameters in its routing table, for each client request, the mapping engine processes the request path and return the defined parameters with their values as a Map<QualifiedName, String>

gtn:handler

The gtn:handler names is one of the most important qualified name as it determines which handler will take care of the request processing just after the controller has determined the parameter map. The handler value is used to make a lookup in the handler map of the controller. An handler is a class that extends the `WebRequestHandler` class and implements the `execute(ControllerContext)` method. Several handlers are available by default:

- portal: process aggregated portal requests.

- upload/download: process file upload and download.

- standalone: process standalone portal requests.

- legacy: handle legacy URL redirection (see the section called “Legacy handler”).

- default: HTTP redirection to the default portal of the container.

- staticResource: serve static resources like image, CSS or JavaScript and more in portal.war (see the section called “Static resource handler”).

gtn:sitetype / gtn:sitename / gtn:path

Those qualified names drives a request for the portal handler. They are used to determine which site to show and which path to resolve against a navigation. For instance, the (gtn:sitetype=portal,gtn:sitename=classic,gtn:path=home) instruct the portal handler to show the home page of the classic portal site.

gtn:lang

This parameter shows which language used in the URL for the portal handler. This is a new feature offered, now language can be specified on URL. It means that users can bookmark that URL (with the information about language) or he can changed the language simply by modifying the URL address.

gtn:componentid / gtn:action / gtn:objectid

The webui parameters used by the portal handler for managing webui component URLs for portal applications (but not for portlet applications).

#### Rendering

The controller is designed to render a Map<QualifiedName, String> as an HTTP URL according to its routing table, but to integrate it for easy usage in WebUI Framework of GateIn, you need some more components:

##### PortalURL

`PortalURL` plays a similar role at the portal level. Its main role is to abstract the creation of an URL for a resource managed by the portal.

    public abstract class PortalURL<R, U extends PortalURL<U>>

    {

       ...

    }

The `PortalURL` declaration may seem a bit strange at first sight with two generic types: `U` and `R`.

- The `R` generic type represents the type of the resource managed by the portal.

- The `U` generic type is also described as self bound generic type. This design pattern allows a class to return subtypes of itself in the class declaring the generic type. Java Enums are based on this principle (`class Enum<E extends Enum<E>>`).

A portal URL has various methods but certainly the most important method is the `toString()` method that generates an URL targeting to the resource. The remaining methods are `getter` and `setter` used to mutate the URL configuration, those options will affect the URL representation when it is generated.

- resource: the mandatory resource associated with the URL.

- locale: the optional locale used in the URL allowing the creation of bookmarkable URL containing a language.

- confirm: the optional confirmation message displayed by the portal in the context of the portal UI.

- ajax: the ajax option allowing an ajax invocation of the URL.

Obtaining a PortalURL

`PortalURL` objects are obtained from `RequestContext` instance, such as the `PortalRequestContext`, or the `PortletRequestContext`. Usually, those are obtained thanks to the `getCurrentInstance` method of the `RequestContext` class:

    RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentInstance();

`PortalURL` are created via to the `createURL` method that takes an input as a resource type. The resource type is usually a constant and type-safe object that allows to retrieve the `PortalURL` subclasses:

    RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentInstance();

    PortalURL<R, U> url = ctx.createURL(type);

In reality, you will use a concrete type constant and have instead more concrete code like:

    RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentInstance();

    NodeURL url = ctx.createURL(NodeURL.TYPE);

### Note

The `NodeURL.TYPE` is actually declared as `new ResourceType<NavigationResource, NodeURL>()` that can be described as a `type-literal` object emulated by a Java anonymous inner class. Such literal was introduced by Neil Gafter as Super Type Token and popularized by Google Guice as Type Literal. It is an interesting way to create a literal representing a kind of Java type.

##### NodeURL

The `NodeURL` class is one of the subclass of `PortalURL` that is specialized in navigation node resources:

    public class NodeURL extends PortalURL<NavigationResource, NodeURL>

    {

       ...

    }

The `NodeURL` class does not carry any generic types of its super class, which means that a `NodeURL` is type-safe and you do not have to worry about generic types.

Using a `NodeURL` is pretty straightforward:

    NodeURL url = RequestContext.getCurrentInstance().createURL(NodeURL.TYPE);

    url.setResource(new NavigationResource("portal", "classic, "home"));

    String s = url.toString();

The `NodeURL` subclass contains the specialized `setter` methods to make its usage even easier:

    UserNode node = ...;

    NodeURL url = RequestContext.getCurrentInstance().createURL(NodeURL.TYPE);

    url.setNode(node);

    String s = url.toString();

##### ComponentURL

The `ComponentURL` subclass is another specialization of `PortalURL` that allows the creation of WebUI components URLs. `ComponentURL` is commonly used to trigger WebUI events from client side:

    <% def componentURL = uicomponent.event(...); /*or uicomponent.url(...) */ %>
      <a href=$componentURL>Click me</a>

Normally, you should not have to deal with it as the WebUI framework has already an abstraction for managing URL known as `URLBuilder`. The `URLBuilder` implementation delegates URL creation to `ComponentURL` objects.

##### Portlet URLs

Portlet URLs API implementation delegates to the portal `ComponentURL` (via the portlet container SPI). It is possible to control the language in the URL from a `PortletURL` object by setting the `gtn:lang` property:

- When the property value is set to a value returned by the `Locale#toString()` method for locale objects having a non null language value and a null variant value, the URL generated by the `PortletURL#toString()` method will contain the locale in the URL.

- When the property value is set to an empty string, the generated URL will not contain a language. If the incoming URL was carrying a language, this language will be erased.

- When the property value is not set, it will not affect the generated URL.

    PortletURL url = resp.createRenderURL();

    url.setProperty("gtn:lang", "fr");

    writer.print("<a href='" + url + "'>French</a>");

##### Webui `URLBuilder`

This internal API used to create URL works as usual and delegates to the `PortletURL` API when the framework is executed in a portlet, and delegates to a `ComponentURL` API when the framework is executed in the portal context. The API has been modified to take in account the language in URL with two properties on the builder:

- locale: a locale for setting on the URL.

- removeLocale: a boolean for removing the locale present on the URL.

##### Groovy Templates

In a Groovy template, the mechanism to create an URL is the same as the way of APIs above, however a splash of integration has been done to make creation of NodeURL simpler. A closure is bound under the `nodeurl` name and is available for invocation anytime. It will simply create a NodeURL object and return it:

    UserNode node = ...;

    NodeURL url = nodeurl();

    url.setNode(node);

    String s = url.toString();

The `nodeurl` closure is bound to Groovy template in `WebuiBindingContext`.

    // Closure nodeurl()

    put("nodeurl", new Closure(this)

    {

      @Override

      public Object call(Object[] args)

      {

        return context.createURL(NodeURL.TYPE);

      }

    });

### Changes and migration from GateIn 3.1.x

The navication controller implies a migration of the client code that is coupled to several internal APIs of GateIn. The major impact is related to anything dealing with URL:

- Creation of an URL representing a resource managed by the portal: navigation node or UI component.

- Using HTTP request related information.

#### Migration of navigation node URL

Using free form node

The previous code for creating navigation node was like:

    String uri = Util.getPortalRequestContext().getPortalURI() + "home";

The new code will look like:

    PortalURL nodeURL = nodeurl();

    NavigationResource resource = new NavigationResource(SiteType.PORTAL, pcontext.getPortalOwner(), "home");

    String uri = nodeURL.setResource(resource).toString();

Using UserNode object

The previous code for creating navigation node was like:

    UserNode node = ...;

    String uri = Util.getPortalRequestContext().getPortalURI() + node.getURI()";

The new code will look like

    UserNode node = ...;

    PortalURL nodeURL = nodeurl();

    String uri = nodeURL.setNode(node).toString();

#### Security changes

Security configuration needs to be changed to keep the flexibility added by the navigation controller. In particular, the authentication does not depend anymore on path specified in `web.xml` but relies on the security mandated by the underlying resource instead. Here are the noticeable changes for security:

- Authentication is now triggered on the "`/login`" URL when it does not have a username or a password specified. Therefore, the URL `/login?initialURI=/classic/home` is (more or less) equivalent to `/private/classic/home`.

- When a resource cannot be viewed due to security constraint.

  - If the user is not logged, the authentication will be triggered.

  - Otherwise, a special page (the usual one) will be displayed instead.

#### Default handler

Redirection to the default portal used to be done by the `index.jsp` JSP page. This is not the case anymore, the index.jsp file has been removed and the welcome file in `web.xml` was removed, too. Instead a specific handler in the routing table has been configured, the sole role of this handler is to redirect the request to the default portal when no other request has been matched previously:

    <controller>

      ...

      <route path="/">

        <route-param qname="gtn:handler">

          <value>default</value>

        </route-param>

      </route>

    </controller>

#### Legacy handler

Legacy URLs such as `/public/...` and `/private/...` are now emulated to determine the best resource with the same resolution algorithm, but instead of displaying the page, it will make an HTTP 302 redirection to the correct URL. This handler is present in the controller configuration. There is a noticeable difference between the two routes.

- The public redirection attempts to find a node with the legacy resolution algorithm without authentication, which means that secured nodes will not be resolved and the redirection of a secured node will likely redirect to another page. For instance, resolving the URL /public/classic/administration/registry path will likely resolve to another node if the user is not authenticated and is not in the platform administrator group.

- The private redirection performs first an authentication before doing the redirection. In that case, the /private/classic/administration/registry path will be redirected to the /portal/groups/:platform:administrators/administration/registry page if the user has the sufficient security rights.

#### Static resource handler

The "/" mapping for the "default" servlet is now replaced by mapping for the `org.exoplatform.portal.application.PortalController` servlet. It means that you need a handler (org.exoplatform.portal.application.StaticResourceRequestHandler) to serve static resources like image, CSS or JavaScript files in `portal.war`. And it should be configured, and extended easily thanks to the `controller.xml` file. This file can be overridden and can be changed and reloaded at runtime (WebAppController is MBean with some operations, such as `reloadConfiguration()`).

Declare StaticResourceHandler in `controller.xml`

    <route path="/{gtn:path}">

      <route-param qname="gtn:handler">

        <value>staticResource</value>

      </route-param>

      <path-param encoding="preserve-path" qname="gtn:path">

        <pattern>.*\.(jpg|png|gif|ico|css)</pattern>

      </path-param>

    </route>

And you do not need these kinds of the following mapping in the web.xml in `portal.war` anymore.

    <servlet-mapping>

      <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

      <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

    ...

#### portal.war's web.xml changes

DoLoginServlet declaration:

    <servlet>

      <servlet-name>DoLoginServlet</servlet-name>

      <servlet-class>org.exoplatform.web.login.DoLoginServlet</servlet-class>

    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>

      <servlet-name>DoLoginServlet</servlet-name>

      <url-pattern>/dologin</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

Delare portal servlet as the default servlet:

    <servlet-mapping>

       <servlet-name>portal</servlet-name>

       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

Some mapping declarations for portal servlet are unused,so you should remove them: /private/* /public/* /admin/* /upload/* /download/*

Add some security constraints:

    <security-constraint>

      <web-resource-collection>

        <web-resource-name>user authentication</web-resource-name>

          <url-pattern>/dologin</url-pattern>

          <url-pattern>/standalone/*</url-pattern>

          <url-pattern>/groups/*</url-pattern>

          <url-pattern>/users/*</url-pattern>

    ...

      </web-resource-collection>

    </security-constraint>

You can remove the index.jsp file, and its declaration in the web.xml file thank to the default request handler:

    <welcome-file-list>

      <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>

    </welcome-file-list>

#### Dashboard changes

There are several important changes to take in account:

- Dashboard are now bound to a single URL (/users/root by default) and dashboard pages are leaf of this path.

- Dashboard lifecycle can be decoupled (create or destroy) from the identity creation in a configurable manner in `UserPortalConfigService` and exposed in `configuration.properties` under `gatein.portal.idm.createuserportal` and `gatein.portal.idm.destroyuserportal`.

- By default, dashboard are not created when a user is registered.

- A dashboard is created when the user accesses his dashboard URL.

#### Remove unused files

portal-unavailable.jsp: this file is presented before if a user goes to a non-available portal. But now the server sends a 404 status code instead.

portal-warning.jsp: this file is not used in any places.

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