Wrapper (PFL Dynamic 4.1.2 API)

java.lang.Object
- org.glassfish.pfl.dynamic.codegen.spi.Wrapper

```
public final class Wrapper
extends Object
```
Main API for runtime code generation. This API generates bytecode dynamically at runtime, allowing direct construction of Class instances from the generated bytecodes. Such classes can then be instantiated and used in a running program. This can be used for a variety of advanced applications aimed at extending the Java language or providing significant performance enhancements.
The supported language is best thought of as a subset of Java 1.0.2. The following features from Java 5 and earlier are currently NOT supported:
- Generics.
- Annotations (this may be added at some point).
- For loops (of any sort, but this may be added through extension at some point).
- Enums.
- Autoboxing.
- Varargs methods.
- Nested classes.
- Compiler generated default constructors.
- Compiler generated calls to super() in a constructor.
- Anonymous classes.
- do loops.
- Static fields in interfaces.
- Labels, or labelled break or continue.
The intent is that dynamically generated code should be a simplified form of Java, much like the original Java 1.0 definition. This moves dynamic code generation to a level much closer to Java than to raw bytecode manipulation.
As much as possible, this class uses standard Java keywords prefixed by "_" as method names. This helps to remember what the method name is for creating an if statement (_if of course). All public methods are static, and using static imports for this class is advisable: simple use
```
 import static org.glassfish.dynamic.codegen.spi.Wrapper.*
 
```
to get easy access to all of the _xxx methods.
A typical use of this class looks something like:
```
 _clear() ;                 // clean up any state from previous uses
                            // optional:
 _setClassLoader(cl) ;    // If you need a specific ClassLoader, set it early
                            // so that your generated code can be checked against 
                            // those classes that it references.
 _package( "YYY" ) ;        // set the package to use for the generated code
 _import( "AAA.BBB" ) ;   // repeat as needed.  As in Java, this makes "BBB"
                            // a synonym for "AAA.BBB".  Collisions are not 
                            // permitted.
 _class( ... ) ;            // _interface is used for interfaces.
 _data( ... )   ;           // define the class data members (repeat as needed)
 _initializer() ;           // define a static initializer


 _method( ... ) ;           // define a method (use _constructor for a constructor) 
 _arg( ... ) ;      // repeat as needed for the method arguments.
 _body() ;                  // begin the method body definition.
     // define the contents of the body using any of the available 
     // statements.
 _end() ; // of method
 _end() ; // of class
 _end() ; // of package
 Class<?>  newClass = _generate( ... ) ;
 
```
Alternatively, the last line could be
```
 GenericClass<T> gc = _generate( T.class, props ) ;
 
```
which makes it easy to create an instance of the generated class by calling:
```
 T instance = gc.create( <constructor args> ) ;
 
```
Currently only one class can be defined at a time. There is a grammar defined below that gives more detail. One small note: it is necessary to call _expr( expr ) in order to convert expr into a statement that is incorporated into a body. If this call is omitted, the generated code will NOT contain expr, leading to a difficult to find bug. I will probably fix this eventually, and treat all dangling expressions as errors.
This class provides many short utility methods that operate against a current context that is maintained in a ThreadLocal. This removes the bookkeeping that would otherwise be needed to keep track of various internal factories needed for generating statements and expressions. Note that this class is designed to be statically imported.
The point of view of the API of this class is that calls to create expressions are nested, while calls to create statements are not. That is, constructing an expression will often lead to nested method calls, but constructing a statement is done with a sequence of method calls. Note that everything could be done as a single nested method call per class, but this is unnatural and hard to debug in Java (Java is not Lisp, but you could make it look sort of like Lisp if you tried hard enough).
All of the expression methods can be called any place where an expression is valid, which basically means anywhere a statement can be defined. The other methods can only be called if the sequence of method calls is contained in the language defined by the following grammar:
```
 START      : _package IMPORTS CLASS _end ;

 IMPORTS            : _import IMPORTS
                    | empty ;

 CLASS      : _class CDECLS _end ;

 CDECLS     : CDECL CDECLS
                    | empty ;

 CDECL      : _data
                    | _initializer STMTS _end
                    | METHOD
                    | CONSTRUCTOR ;

 METHOD     : _method ARGS _body STMTS _end ;

 CONSTRUCTOR      : _constructor ARGS _body STMTS _end ;

 ARGS               : _arg ARGS 
                    | empty ;

 STMTS      : STMT STMTS
                    | empty ;

 STMT               : IF
                    | TRY
                    | SWITCH
                    | WHILE
                    | SIMPLE ;

 IF                 : _if STMTS _end
                    | _if STMTS _else STMTS _end ;

 TRY                : _try STMTS CATCHES _end
                    | _try STMTS _finally STMTS _end
                    | _try STMTS CATCHES _finally STMTS _end ;

 CATCHES            : _catch STMTS CATCHES
                    | empty ; 

 SWITCH     : _switch CASES 
                    | _switch CASES _default STMTS _end ;

 CASES      : _case STMTS CASES
                    | empty ;
 XXX modify this to support multiple case labels per statement list

 WHILE      : _while STMTS _end ;

 SIMPLE     : _assign 
                    | _define
                    | _return
                    | _throw
                    | _expr ;
 
```
Any method that requires an expression can use any expression so long as all variables references in the expression are still in scope. This means that:
1. Variables representing data members can be referenced anywhere between the _class _body and _end.
2. Variables representing method parameters can be referenced anywhere between the _method _body and _end.
3. Variables representing _define statements can be referenced with in the scope of their block (that is, until the corresponding "}" in java. Here we don't use "{}" to delimit scope in the generated code).
4. Variables representing _catch statements can be referenced until the next corresponding _catch, _finally, or _end. Any attempt to use an Expression that references a Variable that is out of scope will result in an IllegalStateException.
The _classGenerator() method is used here to get the ClassGeneratorImpl, which can then be used in the CodeGenerator API to create source code or byte code directly. Also note that Util.display can be used to dump the contents of the ClassGeneratorImpl for debugging purposes.
For convenience, methods are provided to display the AST (@see _displayAST), generate source code (@see _sourceCode), and generate byteCode (@see _byteCode).

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`static String`	`CLASS_GENERATION_DIRECTORY` Set this to enable dumping the generated byte codes to a class file in the given directory.
`static String`	`DUMP_AFTER_SETUP_VISITOR` Debugging option used to dump the contents of the AST after the setup visitor runs.
`static String`	`DUMP_CONSTANT_POOL` Causes contents of constant pool to be dumped.
`static String`	`SOURCE_GENERATION_DIRECTORY` Option used to enable generation of source files while generating bytecode.
`static String`	`TRACE_BYTE_CODE_GENERATION` Debugging option used to trace the byte code generation.
`static String`	`USE_ASM_VERIFIER` Debugging option used to enable the ASM verifier, which can be helpful for debugging errors in the code generation.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static Expression`	`_arg(Type type, String name)` Add an argument to the current method.
`static void`	`_assign(Expression var, Expression expr)` Indicates an assignment statement of the form var = expr.
`static void`	`_body()` Indicates the start of the definition of the body of a method.
`static Type`	`_boolean()` Return a representation of the boolean type.
`static byte[]`	`_byteCode(ClassGenerator cgen, ClassLoader cl, Properties options)` Generate byte codes for the ClassGenerator.
`static byte[]`	`_byteCode(ClassLoader cl, Properties options)` Generate byte codes for the current ClassGenerator.
`static Expression`	`_call(Expression target, String ident, Expression... args)` Generate a call to an instance method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_call(Expression target, String ident, List<Expression> args)` Generate a call to an instance method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_call(Expression target, String ident, Signature signature, Expression... args)` Generate a call to an instance method.
`static Expression`	`_call(Expression target, String ident, Signature signature, List<Expression> args)` Generate a call to an instance method.
`static Expression`	`_call(Type target, String ident, Expression... args)` Generate a call to a static method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_call(Type target, String ident, List<Expression> args)` Generate a call to a static method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_call(Type target, String ident, Signature signature, Expression... args)` Generate a call to a static method.
`static Expression`	`_call(Type target, String ident, Signature signature, List<Expression> args)` Generate a call to a static method.
`static Expression`	`_cast(Type type, Expression expr)` Create an expression representing the type cast of expr to type.
`static Expression`	`_catch(Type type, String name)` Indicate the start of a catch clause in a try statement.
`static Type`	`_Class()` Return a representation of the java.lang.Class type.
`static void`	`_class(int modifiers, String name, Type superClass, List<Type> impls)` Define a class.
`static void`	`_class(int modifiers, String name, Type superClass, Type... impls)` Define a class.
`static ClassGenerator`	`_classGenerator()` Obtain the ClassGeneratorImpl that is constructed by the Wrapper methods.
`static void`	`_clear()` Discard the current Class generated by Wrapper calls, so that another Class may be generated.
`static Expression`	`_const(boolean c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(byte c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(char c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(double c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(float c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(int c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(long c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(short c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(String c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static Expression`	`_const(Type c)` Return a constant expression representing the value c.
`static void`	`_constructor(int modifiers, List<Type> exceptions)` Begin defining a constructor in the current class.
`static void`	`_constructor(int modifiers, Type... exceptions)` Begin defining a constructor in the current class.
`static Expression`	`_data(int modifiers, Type type, String name)` Define a data member in a class.
`static Expression`	`_define(Type type, String name, Expression expr)` Indicates the introduction of a new local variable initialized to the given expression.
`static void`	`_displayAST(ClassGenerator cg, PrintStream ps)` Dump the contents of the AST for the current Class defined by Wrapper calls.
`static void`	`_else()` Indicate the start of the false branch of an if statement.
`static void`	`_end()` Terminates the definition of the current statement, method, constructor, initializer, class, or package.
`static void`	`_expr(Expression expr)` Indicate that expr should be executed as a statement for its side effects.
`static Expression`	`_field(Expression expr, String fieldName)` Return an expression used to access a field in an object given by expr.
`static Expression`	`_field(Type type, String fieldName)` Return an expression used to access a static data member in a class given by the type.
`static void`	`_finally()` Indicate the start of a finally clause in a try statement.
`static Class<?>`	`_generate(Class<?> anchorClass, Properties props)` Generate a class for the current ClassGenerator, in the same classloader and package as a specified "anchor" class to which the caller has access.
`static Class<?>`	`_generate(Class<?> anchorClass, Properties props, PrintStream ps)` Generate a class for the current ClassGenerator, in the same classloader and package as a specified "anchor" class to which the caller has access.
`static Class<?>`	`_generate(ClassLoader cl, ProtectionDomain pd, Properties props)` Deprecated. as of Java 11, use `_generate(Class, Properties)`
`static Class<?>`	`_generate(ClassLoader cl, ProtectionDomain pd, Properties props, PrintStream ps)` Deprecated. as of Java 11, use `_generate(Class, Properties, PrintStream)`
`static void`	`_if(Expression expr)` Indicate the start of an if statement with the given expression as the condition.
`static ImportList`	`_import()` Return an ImportList that can be shared across multiple class generations.
`static void`	`_import(ImportList ilist)` Set the ImportList for the current class generation.
`static Type`	`_import(String name)` Used to create short names for types.
`static Expression`	`_index(Expression expr, Expression index)` Return an expression used to access an element in an array given by expr.
`static Type`	`_int()` Return a representation of the int type.
`static void`	`_interface(int modifiers, String name, List<Type> impls)` Define an interface.
`static void`	`_interface(int modifiers, String name, Type... impls)` Define an interface.
`static void`	`_method(int modifiers, Type type, String name, List<Type> exceptions)` Begin defining a method in the current class.
`static void`	`_method(int modifiers, Type type, String name, Type... exceptions)` Begin defining a method in the current class.
`static Expression`	`_ne(Expression left, Expression right)` Create an expression representing the application of the != operator to the left and right expressions in the form (left op right).
`static Expression`	`_new_array_init(Type type, Expression... args)` Create an expression representing the construction of a new array with the given component type using the given expressions to initialize the array.
`static Expression`	`_new_array_init(Type type, List<Expression> args)` Create an expression representing the construction of a new array with the given component type using the given expressions to initialize the array.
`static Expression`	`_new(Type type, Expression... args)` Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the signature determined by the Java method overload resolution algorithm and the list of expressions as arguments.
`static Expression`	`_new(Type type, List<Expression> args)` Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the signature determined by the Java method overload resolution algorithm and the list of expressions as arguments.
`static Expression`	`_new(Type type, Signature signature, Expression... args)` Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the given signature and the list of expressions as arguments.
`static Expression`	`_new(Type type, Signature signature, List<Expression> args)` Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the given signature and the list of expressions as arguments.
`static Expression`	`_null()` Return the null expression.
`static Type`	`_Object()` Return a representation of the java.lang.Object type.
`static void`	`_package()` Same as _package( "" ).
`static void`	`_package(String name)` _package must be called first to set the package name for this class.
`static void`	`_return()` Indicates the end of execution in a method.
`static void`	`_return(Expression expr)` Indicates the end of execution in a method with a return of the value of the expression.
`static Signature`	`_s(Type rtype, List<Type> types)` Create a signature that may be used for calling a method or constructor.
`static Signature`	`_s(Type rtype, Type... types)` Create a signature that may be used for calling a method or constructor.
`static void`	`_setClassLoader(ClassLoader cl)` Set the ClassLoader for this thread that will be used for validating references to pre-existing classes from generated code.
`static void`	`_sourceCode(ClassGenerator cg, PrintStream ps, Properties options)` Generate the Java source code for the ClassGenerator.
`static void`	`_sourceCode(ClassGenerator cg, Properties options)` Generate source code into a specified output directory.
`static void`	`_sourceCode(PrintStream ps, Properties options)` Generate the Java source code for the current Class defined by Wrapper calls.
`static void`	`_sourceCode(Properties options)` Generate source code into a specified output directory.
`static Type`	`_String()` Return a representation of the java.lang.String type.
`static Expression`	`_super(Expression... exprs)` Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_super(List<Expression> exprs)` Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_super(Signature signature, Expression... exprs)` Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class.
`static Expression`	`_super(Signature signature, List<Expression> exprs)` Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class.
`static Expression`	`_super(String ident, Expression... exprs)` Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_super(String ident, List<Expression> exprs)` Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_super(String ident, Signature signature, Expression... exprs)` Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class.
`static Expression`	`_super(String ident, Signature signature, List<Expression> exprs)` Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class.
`static Type`	`_t(String name)` Return the reference type for the given class name.
`static Expression`	`_this()` Return an expression representing "this".
`static Expression`	`_this(Expression... exprs)` Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_this(List<Expression> exprs)` Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
`static Expression`	`_this(Signature signature, Expression... exprs)` Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class.
`static Expression`	`_this(Signature signature, List<Expression> exprs)` Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class.
`static Type`	`_thisClass()` Return the type of the current class.
`static void`	`_throw(Expression expr)` Indicates a throw statement that throws the given expression.
`static void`	`_try()` Indicate the start of a try statement.
`static Expression`	`_v(String name)` Construct the expression that refers to the variable named name.
`static Type`	`_void()` Return a representation of the void type.
`static Pair<String,String>`	`splitClassName(String name)` Split the class name into a pair of the package name and the unqualified class name.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - CLASS_GENERATION_DIRECTORY
```
public static final String CLASS_GENERATION_DIRECTORY
```
    Set this to enable dumping the generated byte codes to a class file in the given directory.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - SOURCE_GENERATION_DIRECTORY
```
public static final String SOURCE_GENERATION_DIRECTORY
```
    Option used to enable generation of source files while generating bytecode. Set to name of directory that should contain the generated source file.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - DUMP_AFTER_SETUP_VISITOR
```
public static final String DUMP_AFTER_SETUP_VISITOR
```
    Debugging option used to dump the contents of the AST after the setup visitor runs.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - TRACE_BYTE_CODE_GENERATION
```
public static final String TRACE_BYTE_CODE_GENERATION
```
    Debugging option used to trace the byte code generation.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - DUMP_CONSTANT_POOL
```
public static final String DUMP_CONSTANT_POOL
```
    Causes contents of constant pool to be dumped.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - USE_ASM_VERIFIER
```
public static final String USE_ASM_VERIFIER
```
    Debugging option used to enable the ASM verifier, which can be helpful for debugging errors in the code generation.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
- Method Detail
  - _classGenerator
```
public static ClassGenerator _classGenerator()
```
    Obtain the ClassGeneratorImpl that is constructed by the Wrapper methods. This is only needed for using Wrapper with custom vistors.
  - _setClassLoader
```
public static void _setClassLoader(ClassLoader cl)
```
    Set the ClassLoader for this thread that will be used for validating references to pre-existing classes from generated code. Applications that use special ClassLoaders (such as the app server) should call this method before starting to generate a new Class. A good place to do this is just before the _package call.
  - _byteCode
```
public static byte[] _byteCode(ClassLoader cl,
                               Properties options)
```
    Generate byte codes for the current ClassGenerator. cl is used to resolve any references to other classes. options may be used to control some aspects of the code generation, such as debugging options. Supported options include DUMP_AFTER_SETUP_VISITOR, TRACE_BYTE_CODE_GENERATION, USE_ASM_VERIFIER.
  - _byteCode
```
public static byte[] _byteCode(ClassGenerator cgen,
                               ClassLoader cl,
                               Properties options)
```
    Generate byte codes for the ClassGenerator. cl is used to resolve any references to other classes. options may be used to control some aspects of the code generation, such as debugging options. Supported options include DUMP_AFTER_SETUP_VISITOR, TRACE_BYTE_CODE_GENERATION, USE_ASM_VERIFIER.
  - _generate
```
public static Class<?> _generate(ClassLoader cl,
                                 ProtectionDomain pd,
                                 Properties props,
                                 PrintStream ps)
```
    Deprecated. as of Java 11, use _generate(Class, Properties, PrintStream)
    
    Generate a class for the current ClassGenerator. Basically equivalent to _byteCode followed by _makeClass. cl is used to resolve any references to other classes and to load the class given by the current ClassGenerator. options may be used to control some aspects of the code generation, such as debugging options.
  - _generate
```
public static Class<?> _generate(ClassLoader cl,
                                 ProtectionDomain pd,
                                 Properties props)
```
    Deprecated. as of Java 11, use _generate(Class, Properties)
    
    Generate a class for the current ClassGenerator. Basically equivalent to _byteCode followed by _makeClass. cl is used to resolve any references to other classes and to load the class given by the current ClassGenerator. options may be used to control some aspects of the code generation, such as debugging options.
  - _generate
```
public static Class<?> _generate(Class<?> anchorClass,
                                 Properties props,
                                 PrintStream ps)
```
    Generate a class for the current ClassGenerator, in the same classloader and package as a specified "anchor" class to which the caller has access.
    
    Parameters:
    
    anchorClass - an existing class used as a reference for the new one.
    
    props - options to control some aspects of the code generation, such as debugging.
    
    ps - a stream to which debug messages should be written, if any
    
    Since:
    
    since 4.1.0
  - _generate
```
public static Class<?> _generate(Class<?> anchorClass,
                                 Properties props)
```
    Generate a class for the current ClassGenerator, in the same classloader and package as a specified "anchor" class to which the caller has access.
    
    Parameters:
    
    anchorClass - an existing class used as a reference for the new one.
    
    props - options to control some aspects of the code generation, such as debugging.
    
    Since:
    
    since 4.1.0
  - _sourceCode
```
public static void _sourceCode(PrintStream ps,
                               Properties options)
                        throws IOException
```
    Generate the Java source code for the current Class defined by Wrapper calls. options may be used to control some aspects of the formatting of the source code, but no options are currently defined. The generate source code is written to the PrintStream.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException
  - _sourceCode
```
public static void _sourceCode(ClassGenerator cg,
                               PrintStream ps,
                               Properties options)
                        throws IOException
```
    Generate the Java source code for the ClassGenerator. options may be used to control some aspects of the formatting of the source code, but no options are currently defined. The generate source code is written to the PrintStream.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException
  - _sourceCode
```
public static void _sourceCode(Properties options)
                        throws IOException
```
    Generate source code into a specified output directory. options must set SOURCE_GENERATION_DIRECTORY to the name of the output directory.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException
  - _sourceCode
```
public static void _sourceCode(ClassGenerator cg,
                               Properties options)
                        throws IOException
```
    Generate source code into a specified output directory. options must set SOURCE_GENERATION_DIRECTORY to the name of the output directory.
    
    Throws:
    
    IOException
  - _displayAST
```
public static void _displayAST(ClassGenerator cg,
                               PrintStream ps)
```
    Dump the contents of the AST for the current Class defined by Wrapper calls. The AST is dumped to the PrintStream.
  - _clear
```
public static void _clear()
```
    Discard the current Class generated by Wrapper calls, so that another Class may be generated.
  - _s
```
public static Signature _s(Type rtype,
                           Type... types)
```
    Create a signature that may be used for calling a method or constructor. rtype is the return type, and types gives all of the argument types. types is empty if there are no arguments.
  - _s
```
public static Signature _s(Type rtype,
                           List<Type> types)
```
    Create a signature that may be used for calling a method or constructor. rtype is the return type, and types gives all of the argument types. types is empty if there are no arguments.
  - _t
```
public static Type _t(String name)
```
    Return the reference type for the given class name. name may be either the Class name, if the full name has been imported using an _import statement, or a fully qualified Class name.
  - _void
```
public static Type _void()
```
    Return a representation of the void type. This is used whenever a method has a void return type.
  - _boolean
```
public static Type _boolean()
```
    Return a representation of the boolean type.
  - _int
```
public static Type _int()
```
    Return a representation of the int type.
  - _Object
```
public static Type _Object()
```
    Return a representation of the java.lang.Object type.
  - _String
```
public static Type _String()
```
    Return a representation of the java.lang.String type.
  - _Class
```
public static Type _Class()
```
    Return a representation of the java.lang.Class type.
  - splitClassName
```
public static Pair<String,String> splitClassName(String name)
```
    Split the class name into a pair of the package name and the unqualified class name. If name is the name of a class in the anonymous global package, the package name is "".
  - _package
```
public static void _package(String name)
```
    _package must be called first to set the package name for this class. After _package, all required _import calls must be made, followed by one _class call. name may be "", in which case the generated class is in the default package.
  - _package
```
public static void _package()
```
    Same as _package( "" ). Note that this method MUST be called before _class or _interface. This is a bit surprising, since Java allows omission of the package statement, but codegen requires an explicit package call.
  - _import
```
public static Type _import(String name)
```
    Used to create short names for types. Name must be a fully qualified class name. The last name becomes the short name used in _t to look up the full type. The result Type can also be used directly.
  - _import
```
public static ImportList _import()
```
    Return an ImportList that can be shared across multiple class generations.
  - _import
```
public static void _import(ImportList ilist)
```
    Set the ImportList for the current class generation. Mainly useful for generating source code.
  - _class
```
public static void _class(int modifiers,
                          String name,
                          Type superClass,
                          Type... impls)
```
    Define a class. This must be followed by calls to _data, _initializer, or _method in any order.
  - _class
```
public static void _class(int modifiers,
                          String name,
                          Type superClass,
                          List<Type> impls)
```
    Define a class. This must be followed by calls to _data, _initializer, or _method in any order.
  - _interface
```
public static void _interface(int modifiers,
                              String name,
                              Type... impls)
```
    Define an interface. This must be followed by calls to _method only. All _method calls must define abstract methods. Note that static data in interfaces is not currently supported.
  - _interface
```
public static void _interface(int modifiers,
                              String name,
                              List<Type> impls)
```
    Define an interface. This must be followed by calls to _method only. All _method calls must define abstract methods. Note that static data in interfaces is not currently supported.
  - _data
```
public static Expression _data(int modifiers,
                               Type type,
                               String name)
```
    Define a data member in a class. If static, it must be initialized in the class initializer, otherwise it must be initialized in a constructor.
  - _method
```
public static void _method(int modifiers,
                           Type type,
                           String name,
                           Type... exceptions)
```
    Begin defining a method in the current class. Must be followed first be all _arg calls for the method, then by _body(), then by any statements, and finally by _end(). _body() may be followed immediately by _end(), in which case the method has an empty body. Abstract methods must have an empty body.
  - _method
```
public static void _method(int modifiers,
                           Type type,
                           String name,
                           List<Type> exceptions)
```
    Begin defining a method in the current class. Must be followed first by all _arg calls for the method, then by _body(), then by any statements, and finally by _end(). _body() may be followed immediately by _end(), in which case the method has an empty body. Abstract methods must have an empty body.
  - _constructor
```
public static void _constructor(int modifiers,
                                Type... exceptions)
```
    Begin defining a constructor in the current class. Must be followed first by all _arg calls for the constructor, then by _body(), then by optional statements, and finally by _end(). Note that the first statement in any constructor must be a this() or super() call. Constructors may not have empty bodies.
  - _constructor
```
public static void _constructor(int modifiers,
                                List<Type> exceptions)
```
    Begin defining a constructor in the current class. Must be followed first by all _arg calls for the constructor, then by _body(), then by any statements, and finally by _end(). Note that the first statement in any constructor must be a _this() or _super() call. Constructors may not have empty bodies. Note that no default constructor is automatically generated using this API.
  - _arg
```
public static Expression _arg(Type type,
                              String name)
```
    Add an argument to the current method.
  - _body
```
public static void _body()
```
    Indicates the start of the definition of the body of a method. Must be followed by 0 or more statements, and be terminated by _end().
  - _end
```
public static void _end()
```
    Terminates the definition of the current statement, method, constructor, initializer, class, or package. Restores the context for the previous definition.
  - _expr
```
public static void _expr(Expression expr)
```
    Indicate that expr should be executed as a statement for its side effects.
  - _assign
```
public static void _assign(Expression var,
                           Expression expr)
```
    Indicates an assignment statement of the form var = expr. Var must be an assignable expression, such as a local variable, a non-final field reference, ior an array index expression.
  - _define
```
public static Expression _define(Type type,
                                 String name,
                                 Expression expr)
```
    Indicates the introduction of a new local variable initialized to the given expression.
  - _return
```
public static void _return()
```
    Indicates the end of execution in a method. Can only occur inside a definition of a method with a void return type.
  - _return
```
public static void _return(Expression expr)
```
    Indicates the end of execution in a method with a return of the value of the expression. The type of the expression must be assignment compatible with the return type of the enclosing method.
  - _throw
```
public static void _throw(Expression expr)
```
    Indicates a throw statement that throws the given expression. The type of expr must support Throwable.
  - _if
```
public static void _if(Expression expr)
```
    Indicate the start of an if statement with the given expression as the condition. All subsequent statements until the next matching _else are part of the true branch of this if statement.
  - _else
```
public static void _else()
```
    Indicate the start of the false branch of an if statement. All subsequent statements until the next matching _end are part of the false branch of the corresponding if statement.
  - _try
```
public static void _try()
```
    Indicate the start of a try statement. All subsequent statements until the next matching _catch or _finally are part of this try statement.
  - _catch
```
public static Expression _catch(Type type,
                                String name)
```
    Indicate the start of a catch clause in a try statement. All subsequent statements until the next matching _catch or _finally are part of this catch clause.
  - _finally
```
public static void _finally()
```
    Indicate the start of a finally clause in a try statement. All subsequent statements until the next matching _end are part of this finally clause.
  - _v
```
public static Expression _v(String name)
```
    Construct the expression that refers to the variable named name. This is looked up following the Java name scope rules.
  - _null
```
public static Expression _null()
```
    Return the null expression.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(boolean c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(char c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(byte c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(short c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(int c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(long c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(float c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(double c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(String c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c.
  - _const
```
public static Expression _const(Type c)
```
    Return a constant expression representing the value c. Here c is a type, and this corresponds to the Java ".class" reference.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Expression target,
                               String ident,
                               Signature signature,
                               Expression... args)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method. The full signature must be specified.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Expression target,
                               String ident,
                               Signature signature,
                               List<Expression> args)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method. The full signature must be specified.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Expression target,
                               String ident,
                               Expression... args)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Expression target,
                               String ident,
                               List<Expression> args)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Type target,
                               String ident,
                               Signature signature,
                               Expression... args)
```
    Generate a call to a static method. The full signature must be specified.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Type target,
                               String ident,
                               Signature signature,
                               List<Expression> args)
```
    Generate a call to a static method. The full signature must be specified.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Type target,
                               String ident,
                               Expression... args)
```
    Generate a call to a static method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
  - _call
```
public static Expression _call(Type target,
                               String ident,
                               List<Expression> args)
```
    Generate a call to a static method, using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(String ident,
                                Signature signature,
                                Expression... exprs)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class. The full signature must be specified.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(String ident,
                                Signature signature,
                                List<Expression> exprs)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class. The full signature must be specified.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(String ident,
                                Expression... exprs)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(String ident,
                                List<Expression> exprs)
```
    Generate a call to an instance method in the current super class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(Signature signature,
                                Expression... exprs)
```
    Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class. The full signature must be specified. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(Signature signature,
                                List<Expression> exprs)
```
    Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class. The full signature must be specified. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(List<Expression> exprs)
```
    Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _super
```
public static Expression _super(Expression... exprs)
```
    Invoke a superclass constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _this
```
public static Expression _this(Signature signature,
                               Expression... exprs)
```
    Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class. The full signature must be specified. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _this
```
public static Expression _this(Signature signature,
                               List<Expression> exprs)
```
    Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class. The full signature must be specified. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _this
```
public static Expression _this(Expression... exprs)
```
    Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _this
```
public static Expression _this(List<Expression> exprs)
```
    Invoke another constructor as the first statement in a constructor for a class using the Java method overload resolution algorithm to determine the signature. This may only be used as the first expression in a constructor. Every constructor must begin with either a super(...) call or a this(...) call.
  - _ne
```
public static Expression _ne(Expression left,
                             Expression right)
```
    Create an expression representing the application of the != operator to the left and right expressions in the form (left op right).
  - _cast
```
public static Expression _cast(Type type,
                               Expression expr)
```
    Create an expression representing the type cast of expr to type.
  - _new
```
public static Expression _new(Type type,
                              Signature signature,
                              Expression... args)
```
    Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the given signature and the list of expressions as arguments.
  - _new
```
public static Expression _new(Type type,
                              Signature signature,
                              List<Expression> args)
```
    Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the given signature and the list of expressions as arguments.
  - _new
```
public static Expression _new(Type type,
                              Expression... args)
```
    Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the signature determined by the Java method overload resolution algorithm and the list of expressions as arguments.
  - _new
```
public static Expression _new(Type type,
                              List<Expression> args)
```
    Create an expression representing the construction of a new instance of the given type using the constructor with the signature determined by the Java method overload resolution algorithm and the list of expressions as arguments.
  - _new_array_init
```
public static Expression _new_array_init(Type type,
                                         Expression... args)
```
    Create an expression representing the construction of a new array with the given component type using the given expressions to initialize the array. We really only support single dimensional arrays here. The size of the resulting array is the number of expressions given here.
  - _new_array_init
```
public static Expression _new_array_init(Type type,
                                         List<Expression> args)
```
    Create an expression representing the construction of a new array with the given component type using the given expressions to initialize the array. We really only support single dimensional arrays here. The size of the resulting array is the number of expressions given here. Equivalent to new A[] = { exprList }.
  - _thisClass
```
public static Type _thisClass()
```
    Return the type of the current class.
  - _this
```
public static Expression _this()
```
    Return an expression representing "this".
  - _field
```
public static Expression _field(Expression expr,
                                String fieldName)
```
    Return an expression used to access a field in an object given by expr. This expression may appear on the left side of an assignment statement.
  - _field
```
public static Expression _field(Type type,
                                String fieldName)
```
    Return an expression used to access a static data member in a class given by the type. This expression may appear on the left side of an assignment statement (but probably shouldn't).
  - _index
```
public static Expression _index(Expression expr,
                                Expression index)
```
    Return an expression used to access an element in an array given by expr. This expression may appear on the left side of an assignment statement.

Class Wrapper

Field Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

CLASS_GENERATION_DIRECTORY

SOURCE_GENERATION_DIRECTORY

DUMP_AFTER_SETUP_VISITOR

TRACE_BYTE_CODE_GENERATION

DUMP_CONSTANT_POOL

USE_ASM_VERIFIER

Method Detail

_classGenerator

_setClassLoader

_byteCode

_byteCode

_generate

_generate

_generate

_generate

_sourceCode

_sourceCode

_sourceCode

_sourceCode

_displayAST

_clear

_s

_s

_t

_void

_boolean

_int

_Object

_String

_Class

splitClassName

_package

_package

_import

_import

_import

_class

_class

_interface

_interface

_data

_method

_method

_constructor

_constructor

_arg

_body

_end

_expr

_assign

_define

_return

_return

_throw

_if

_else

_try

_catch

_finally

_v

_null

_const

_const

_const

_const

_const

_const

_const

_const

_const

_const

_call

_call

_call

_call